Abstract
Among different types of energy storage devices, anode free battery (AFB) is currently under extensive studies due to its simple configuration, cheap and enhanced energy density. However, a well-known problem like the generation of dendritic lithium and associated safety, poor coulombic efficiency plagues its practical implementations. Here 1.0 M lithium difluoro (oxalate) borate (LiDFOB) + 0.05 M lithium hexafluorophosphate in fluoroethylene carbonate/1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether/diethyl carbonate (FEC/TTE/DEC) electrolyte with (2:2:1 v/v/v ratio) delivers better electrochemical performance in both for Cu||LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) as well as for Cu||Li cells compared to FEC/TTE electrolyte with (2:3 v/v ratio). DEC contained and 2:3/FT electrolyte retains about 45% and 8% of the initial discharge capacity after 35 cycles respectively. The average coulombic efficiency of 98.07% for the DEC contained electrolyte after the 35th cycle, while only 92.23% obtained for 2:3/FT. Introducing of DEC results in the improvement of ionic conductivity, the formation of LiF-richer SEI and the formation of more Li on the anode side, which helps the cycle life of the battery. Designing electrolytes based on the synergetic effect from a solvent gives an insight into future pathways to bring solutions to the challenges of an AFB battery.
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