Abstract
The annual cycle of surface heat exchange process and thermal structure in lakes were examined by performing a model analysis. The annual variation of the meteorological conditions were described in terms of annually varying equilibrium water temperature as a single harmonic sinusoidal function of time. The water temperature field was expressed by using an integral mixedlayer model and its stratification and destratification processes were evaluated by our developed entrainment laws. The present analysis enables us not only to get the thermal structure solution but also to analyze the surface heat flux or heat balance of the water body. We found dimensionless parameters which govern the annual variation patterns of thermal structure as well as surface heat exchange. Using these parameters, classification of thermo-dynamic phase in lakes was performed, in which three categories of lakes, i. e. stratified lakes (or thermo-dynamically deep lakes), moderatelymixed lakes and well-mixed lakes (or thermo-dynamically shallow lakes), are found.
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