Abstract
Large electrostrictive actuation in ferroelectric single crystals can be achieved through non-180° domain switching using various biasing fields and loads. The theoretical maximum actuation strain such as 1.1% for barium titanate crystals, however, has not been observed yet. In this letter, the authors propose a possible mechanism accounting for the depolarization effect to explain the significant strain reduction observed in their recent experiment. They find that a low-energy path requires the switching of 90° domains together with that of in-plane alternating layers of 180° domains formed to reduce the depolarization energy. Therefore, reduction in strain is significant for crystals with large 180° coercivities. The result is consistent with their recent experimental observations.
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