Abstract
Svobodova Z., V. Luskova, J. Drastichova, M. Svoboda, V. Ilabek: Effect of Deltamethrin on Haematological Indices of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Acta Vet. Brno 2003, 72: 79-85. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of deltamethrin [(S)- a -cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1R,3R)-3-(2,2-dibromvinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclo-propancarboxylate] on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The effect was assessed on the basis of the results of acute toxicity tests and on the comparison of results of haematological examination of a control and an experimental group exposed to Decis flow 2.5 pesticide preparation (active substance 25 g.l -1 of deltamethrin). The acute semistatical toxicity test lasting 96 h was performed on common carp juveniles. The 96hLC50 value of Decis flow 2.5 was 0.058 mg.l -1 . Examination of erythrocyte and leukocyte profile was performed on 15 control and 28 experimental specimens of one-to-two-year-old common carp after 96 h of exposure to Decis flow 2.5 in a concentration of 0.13 mg.l -1 . The experimental group showed significantly lower values (p < 0.01) of erythrocyte count (RBC), haemoglobin content (Hb), haematocrit (PCV) and plasma total protein (TP) compared to the control group. Values of MCV, MCH and MCHC were comparable in the two groups during the study. Also, the leukocyte count (Leuko) and relative and absolute count of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophil granulocytes and their developmental forms were comparable in the two groups. The deltamethrin-based Decis flow 2.5 pesticide preparation was classified among substances strongly toxic for fish. Changes in the erythrocyte profile and plasma total protein after exposure to deltamethrin-based preparation may be referred to possible disruption of haematopoiesis and proteosynthesis.
Highlights
In the past 10-15 years the application of pyrethroids as insecticide and antiparasitary preparations has very markedly increased
The effect was assessed on the basis of the results of acute toxicity tests and on the comparison of results of haematological examination of a control and an experimental group exposed to Decis flow 2.5 pesticide preparation
For common carp juveniles the 96hLC50 value was 0.058 mg.l-1 of Decis flow 2.5 preparation, which corresponds to 0.00145 mg.l-1 of deltamethrin
Summary
In the past 10-15 years the application of pyrethroids as insecticide and antiparasitary preparations has very markedly increased. Natural studies have demonstrated that the negative effect of pyrethroids on fish under natural conditions is improbable, provided that all safety measures indicated by the producer are maintained (Hill et al 1994; M a u d et al 1998) It is quite real if they are not maintained, as shown by the case of fish mortality in Lake Balaton in 1995, caused by fish poisoning with a deltamethrin-based preparation (Nemcs ok et al 1999). The mechanism of its effectiveness in the case of fishes is the same as that of other pyrethroids containing -cyano3-phenoxybenzyl groups They block the sodium channels of nerve filaments, thereby lengthening their depolarisation phase; they affect the GABA receptors in the nerve filaments (Hayes 1994; Bradbury and Coats 1989ab). No data on haematological changes in fish caused by deltamethrin have been found in the available literature
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