Effect of Biscuit Flour and Fermented Defatted "Alperujo" Co-Administration on Intestinal Mucosa Morphology and Productive Performance in Laying Hens.

Abstract

Simple SummarySpanish production of compound feed is among the most important in the Member States of the European Union for all livestock species. However, due to the environmental impact of this large-scale production system, it is important to focus on sustainability, promoting initiatives such as the use of by-products from the food industry applied to animal feed. In this study, laying hens received two types of dietary supplement: biscuit meal, which is a co-product of the human food industry commonly used in the manufacture of compound feed, obtained from the recycling of wasted or expired food products; and fermented defatted “alperujo”, a by-product of modified olive oil, which contain numerous substances with beneficial properties for intestinal health. Hens co-administered with these supplements showed increased intestinal villi development, resulting in improved health. In conclusion, these by-products can contribute to the prevention of intestinal diseases, as well as to the reduction of environmental pollution.In this study, the effects of co-administration with biscuit flour and fermented defatted “alperujo” (FDA) on gut health were evaluated in a batch of laying hens (Hy-Line 2015) on a commercial farm. Animals were divided into two groups: control group and treatment group; and histological and morphometric analyses of all sections of the intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and rectum) were performed at 10, 18, 25, 50 and 75 weeks of age. During the whole productive period, a decrease in the mortality rate (p = 0.01) was observed in treated hens, as well as an increase in the number of eggs produced (p < 0.001), their size (p < 0.025), and weight (p < 0.024). In the early and late stages of production (10, 18 and 50 weeks), a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the height and depth of the intestinal villi was observed in the treatment group. Villi height was also significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the treatment group up to week 50 in the cecum, and at weeks 18 and 50 in the rectum. We concluded that an economical and sustainable feeding system with less environmental impact, such as co-supplementation with biscuit flour and FDA, could maintain gut health without negatively impacting laying hens’ productive performance.