Abstract
In their fourth decade of development, additive manufacturing technologies are slowly entering research programs dedicated to building materials. While the majority of research effort is focused on using 3D printing of concrete, the authors propose using the technology for creation of spatial plastic reinforcement. Obviously, the strength properties of a 3D printed polymer are much lower than those of steel. Nevertheless, the unconventional spatial shape of a 3D printed reinforcement can substitute for much of the lower mechanical performance of polymer. Flexural characteristics of a cement mortar prism specimen reinforced by hexagon spatial elements were tested and analyzed in this paper. The hexagonal geometric shape was chosen due to its high rigidness. It was proven that it is possible to efficiently reinforce concrete beams by spatial 3D printed polymer elements. Directions of needed research were pointed and discussed.
Highlights
The term additive manufacturing [1,2] is used to describe the technologies that build 3D objects by adding layer upon layer of a material
Multiple scientific institutions are currently involved in research programs dedicated to 3D printing of concrete, mortar [5] or concrete-like composites based on extra-terrestrial soil simulants [6,7,8]
On the other hand, recorded deflections at the ultimate destruction were much higher than in the case of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) or ferrocement, and utilization of standards referring to these cement composites was impossible
Summary
The term additive manufacturing [1,2] is used to describe the technologies that build 3D objects by adding layer upon layer of a material. 3D printing is the best known and globally disseminated additive manufacturing technology. It is based on digitally controlled processes in which material is joined (or sometimes solidified) to create a new object. Different types of polymers remain the most popular materials used for 3D printing, but metals and concrete are recently gaining substantial popularity. The latter caught the attention of research teams dealing with building materials and civil engineering [3,4]. Key problems with bonding between printed layers of concrete and lack of reinforcement remain intact and significantly limit its potential for civil engineering applications [9,10,11]
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