Abstract
Chronic kidney failure or chronic kidney disease is a progressive deviation, kidney function that can not recover, where the body's ability to maintain metabolic balance, fluid and electrolytes, resulting in uremia. This condition is caused by chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, uncontrolled hypertension, hereditary lesions, vascular abnormalities, urinary tract obstruction, diabetes, and infections. Today, chronic kidney disease is a disease whose prevalence continues to increase. World Health Organization (WHO) released data on growth in the number of patients with chronic kidney failure in 2013 increased by 50% from the previous year and in America the incidence of chronic kidney failure increased by 50% in 2014 and every year 200,000 Americans undergo hemodialysis Hemodialysis is one way to remove metabolic waste products in the form of a solution and water that is in the blood through a semipermeable membrane or called a dialyzer. The working principle of fluid transfer in hemodialysis is diffusion, osmosis, ultrafiltration and convection. Changes in fluid and electrolyte balance in Chronic Kidney Failure patients result in changes in salivary composition and flow (Fan, Zhang, Luo, Niu & Gu, 2013). In addition to changes in salivary composition and flow, patients with chronic renal failure also experience changes in dry mouth (xerostomia) due to increased ureum concentrations in the blood (Fan et al., 2013). Chewing Gum Xylitol is a candy that no artificial sweeteners activity of chewing gum, low-sugar two eggs approximately 10 minutes to 3x / day for 2 weeks would lead to mechanical stimulation and chemical that can move reflex saliva to stimulate the receptor that is monitored by the trigeminal nerve (V) and facial nerve (VII) as a taste. Sympathetic nerve stimulation will accelerate the secretion of all salivary glands in large quantities which can reduce the sensation of thirst that appears . From the results of research using the method of comparison in get , look the frequency of xerostomia before the intervention mostly dominated by xerostomia weight of 67% and the visible frequency of xerostomia after intervention largely dominated by xerostomia mild 67% , Based on the output "Test Statistics" in table 4.4 above, known p-value is 0,000. Because the value of 0.003 is smaller than <0.05, it can be concluded that "H0 is rejected", or in other words there is "Effectiveness of Chewing Gum Against Xerostomia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Who Underwent Hemodialysis at Batam Bros Initial Hospital in 2020
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