Abstract
In Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs), sensor nodes collect data and send them to a Base Station (BS) for further processing. One of the most issues in WSNs that researchers have proposed a hundred of technique to solve its impact is the energy constraint since sensor nodes have small battery, small memory and less data processing with low computational capabilities. However, many researches efforts have focused on how to prolong the battery lifetime of sensor nodes by proposing different routing, MAC, localization, data aggregation, topology construction techniques. In this paper, we will focus on routing techniques which aim to prolonging the network lifetime. Hence, we propose an Energy-Efficient Routing technique in WSNs based on Stationary and Mobile nodes (EERSM). Sensing filed is divided into intersected circles which contain Mobile Nodes (MN). The proposed data aggregation technique via the circular topology will eliminate the redundant data to be sent to the Base Station (BS). MN in each circle will rout packets for their source nodes, and move to the intersected area where another MN is waiting (sleep mode) to receive the transmitted packet, and then the packet will be delivered to the next intersected area until the packet is arrived to the BS. Our proposed EERSM technique is simulated using MATLAB and compared with conventional multi-hop techniques under different network models and scenarios. In the simulation, we will show how the proposed EERSM technique overcomes many routing protocols in terms of the number of hops counted when sending packets from a source node to the destination (i.e. BS), the average residual energy, number of sent packets to the BS, and the number of a live sensor nodes verse the simulation rounds.
Highlights
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) composed a hundred of sensor nodes which are deployed in a harsh environment [1]
In CBR Mobile-WSN technique many control messages need to be sent in order to give a permission for a mobile node to enter a cluster which consume more power, while in the proposed Efficient Routing with Stationary and Mobile nodes (EERSM) technique the mobile nodes move from one intersected area to another without the necessity to send control messages
The proposed EERSM routing technique combines the advantages of relaying packets through stationary sensor nodes and pre-assigned locations of mobile nodes
Summary
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) composed a hundred of sensor nodes which are deployed in a harsh environment [1]. Sensor nodes have many capabilities such as sensing, gathering, data processing and storing These capabilities depend on batteries of sensor nodes which need to be extended in order to satisfy WSNs applications [1]. Nodes sense or monitor the sensing filed, gather data and process them before sending packets to the BS. All of these mechanisms consume power which contradicts with main feature of WSNs which have limited power resources and lossy networks [1]. Reliability, real-time performance of WSNs, safety/accuracy of transmitted data and the network lifetime are the major challenges in WSNs [2]. WSNs have been utilized in many applications such as Military missions, Agricultural missions, Industrial WSNs, smart houses, home appliances, healthcare monitoring, disaster monitoring, traffic and transportation monitoring and the environmental sensing [2]
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