Education sector optimization for improving human development index

Abstract

The research was intended for determining: (1) the influence of Mean Years of Schooling (MYS) to Human Development Index (HDI) and describe the strategies for increasing MYS in Klungkung regency; (2) the influence of Expected Years of Schooling (EYS) to HDI and describe the strategies to improving EYS in Klungkung regency; (3) the influence of MYS and EYS simultaneously to HDI and describe the strategies to increasing it in Klungkung regency. In order to achieve the above objectives, the research was conducted on HDI in Klungkung using Mixed Methods Study, the population was the society in Klungkung with purposive sampling, snowball, and random sampling technique. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Eviews 7.0. The qualitative data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman model. The result was obtained that: (1) MYS influence to HDI on the t-statistic was 4.09, probability 0.0264, and R-square 0.97; (2) EYS influence of HDI on t-statistic 11.83, probability 0.0013, and R-square was 0.96; (3) MYS and EYS simultaneously influence of HDI with the t-statistic 29.07, probability 0.0012, and R-square was 0.99. The strategies that can be conducted to increase MYS included: (a) increasing the education budget that amount in accordance with the laws and regulations, (b) launching a program of compulsory education to 12 years, (c) revitalizing of local genius educations, (d) developing schools models, (e) establishing the integrity of the community through character education and anti-corruption education, (f) developing entrepreneurship education, and (g) developing models of learning and computer-based testing (ICT). The rise of EYS could be conducted by: (a) reduce poverty, and (b) overcome the problems due to geography and population distribution was uneven.