Abstract
In the recent movement towards smart societies, smart governments supported by GovTech and smart cities developed through Civic Tech have become known as dominant structures enabled by information and communications technology. Since GovTech and Civic Tech share the goal of giving citizens better and safer lives through their engagement with government and technology, the development of online public services is characterized by the use of collaborative production methods involving various stakeholders and players. Open data, collaboration, and systematic teamwork are key to understanding this production of heterarchical structures. This study reviews previous cases of collaboration between GovTech and Civic Tech, identifies the dominant mechanisms of the smart society, and summarizes existing pedagogical and industrial theoretical systems, mindsets, and skillsets with the aim of developing content for a university course. Double loop learning, design thinking, the Agile methodology, and the lean principle are identified as theoretical systems. Our findings are arranged so that they can be applied in the content of a university-level educational technology course, which we designed to develop students’ transformative competencies to enable them to become active citizens. In addition, we compared the processes involved in observed theoretical systems and conventional pedagogical theories to clarify the differences in their mechanisms. We conclude with a discussion of the need to recognize frameworks of different paradigms to prepare students for transformative social activities.
Highlights
Advanced technology and innovations such as drastic increases in computing power are contributing to improvements in our daily lives
It is critical that we leverage information and communications technology to its fullest to gain new knowledge and create new values by making connections between governments and citizens, thereby effectively and efficiently resolving issues in society and creating better lives for citizens
O’Reilly called this movement “Government 2.0” [3]. It aims to use all available technologies and methods to open the public sector, creating a new level of transparency with the intention of changing how public services operate and giving citizens the opportunity to participate in public deliberation and decision-making in a variety of ways
Summary
Advanced technology and innovations such as drastic increases in computing power are contributing to improvements in our daily lives. It is critical that we leverage information and communications technology to its fullest to gain new knowledge and create new values by making connections between governments and citizens, thereby effectively and efficiently resolving issues in society and creating better lives for citizens. Governments worldwide are seeking new and advanced technologies to link governments to citizens and firms and to facilitate online information sharing [2]. O’Reilly called this movement “Government 2.0” [3]. It aims to use all available technologies and methods to open the public sector, creating a new level of transparency with the intention of changing how public services operate and giving citizens the opportunity to participate in public deliberation and decision-making in a variety of ways. Overcoming social issues by encouraging various stakeholders to share a common vision of the future will be vital to realizing future societies through digitalization
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