Abstract

Wetlands are prevalent in all types of landscapes around the world and constitute landforms, soil units, water features and faunal and floral communities. Wetlands sustain flora and fauna in the surface layer and they are dynamic and changing as such are reffered to as living landforms. Wetlands provide natural solutions for achieving “the Paris Climate Goals, Global Biodiversity Framework, and Sustainable Development Goals”. Unfortunately wetlands have not received due attention by geologists even though geology and geological processes are at the baseline for their evolution and development. The main reason is a poor understanding of wetland landforms. Wetlands can develop only in regions where water accumulates, and the underlying surface/bed rock is impervious. They constitute unusual landforms developed by biogenic materials (solid materials, biological or organic mostly peat, gas and water) predominantly formed by biological processes.

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