Abstract
Using the magnetic scalar potential approach, we have derived a simple and efficient way of calculating the distribution of eddy currents at any non-zero depth below the plane surface of an imperfect conductor, for an arbitrary shaped coil with arbitrary orientation located above the surface of the conductor. This is illustrated with a square coil in two orientations: with its axis perpendicular and tilted by 10° relative to the surface of a material which is taken to be aluminium. Eddy current inspections often use coils which are not circular in order to optimise the interactions between the eddy currents and the the flaw. A general theoretical model 1 that determines the eddy current distribution in a half-space for a coil of arbitrary shape can be formulated in terms of the magnetic field produced by the coil in free space. Thus the electric field vector E(ρ,z) in cylindrical polar coordinates ρ,z at depth z below the surface of a conductor can be written as 1:
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