Abstract
The article is dedicated to the analysis of axiological ideas lying in the foundation of the modern economic science in general and theory of finances in particular. The concept of homo economicus and its origins are considered. Concept of the "homo economicus" is used in the modern philosophic and methodologic literature on methodologic questions of economical science is used in two meanings. The first considers homo economicus only as a technical construct or model created in the form of certain hypotheses and suppositions set taken in their limit form as an idealization. The second takes it as a certain anthropologic type characterized with according values and behavior. It was demonstrated that the concept of homo economicus has a long before-history consisting in gradual break-up between economical theory and ethics. The homo economicus is a person who build his behavior through calculation of his profit. The latter is a form of his self-discipline that forms a new system of norms free from moral and other similar things. The new system of norms suppose no stable tenets and axioms as it takes place in ethics but remains rational and is based on probabilities calculations. The evolution of economical science is regarded as well as its division into political philosophy and proper economic theory in the end of the XIX century, the role of the growth principle, the growth in spite of anything that stood to the first place in the time of the Great Depression and goes on occupying this place till now. It is demonstrated that the essence of money consists in being a symbol and sign of debt obligations, that the capital is representation of their accumulated form and moving power that makes market economics to move. It is shown also that namely the ideas of capital as well as labour compound axiological foundation of modern economical ideas. The homo economicus or economical man, that means individualistic and egotistic psychotype oriented onto profit and satisfaction of his desires, becomes conceptual ideal.
Highlights
Concept of the "homo economicus" is used in the modern philosophic and methodologic literature on methodologic questions of economical science is used in two meanings
The first considers homo economicus only as a technical construct or model created in the form of certain hypotheses and suppositions set taken in their limit form as an idealization
It was demonstrated that the concept of homo economicus has a long before-history consisting in gradual break-up between economical theory and ethics
Summary
Ніна Коннова, Харківський національний економічний університет ім. Семена Кузнеця. Стаття присвячена аналізу аксіологічних уявлень, які лежать в основі теорій сучасної економічної науки взагалі та теорії фінансів зокрема. Розглядаються витоки концепту homo economicus’a чи людини економічної. Що конструкт homo economicus’у виник не в результаті умоглядних міркувань, а має досить-таки довгу передісторію, суть якої полягає у поступовому відриві економічної теорії від етики. Людина економічна – це людина, яка вибудовує свою поведінку через підрахунок вигоди. Нова система норм не передбачає якихось сталих догматів чи аксіом (як це звичай має місце в етиці), але є повністю раціональною і спирається на підрахунок імовірностей тих чи інших варіантів розвитку подій. Що праця та капітал стають основоположними аксіологічними принципами сучасних економічних уявлень. Тобто індивідуалістичний та егоїстичний тип, орієнтований на пошук вигоди, яка полягає в задоволенні бажань. Ключові слова: homo economicus, економіка профіту, потлач, гроші, капітал, власність, праця, аксіологія
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