Economic analysis and control of crisis phenomena in the activities of enterprises

Abstract

The article analyzes the essence of crisis phenomena and the causes of their occurrence in the activity of the enterprise. In the activity of anyone enterprise there are quite a few reasons that can lead to a crisis situation, in the scientific literature there are external and internal factors that can cause a crisis situation that have a mutual impact. The emergence of crisis situations in the enterprise is an inevitable stage in the life cycle. In order to avoid excessively negative consequences of the crisis, the company needs to carry out early diagnosis of the possibility of crisis situations and, if necessary, to introduce a set of measures aimed at preventing or countering the crisis. In order to early detection of a crisis situation or the probability of its occurrence, it is necessary to systematically diagnose the financial security of the enterprise, which involves the implementation of express diagnostics, complex analysis and fundamental diagnostics. The article provides an indicative list of indicators for the implementation of express diagnostics of the financial and economic state of the enterprise, including: indicators of own sources of formation of financial resources and financial stability; indicators of liquidity and payment and settlement discipline; indicators of the state of fixed assets; performance indicators of economic activity and management of the enterprise. The list of these indicators is not exhaustive, because in each case the specifics of the industry, the market and the enterprise itself should be taken into account. Three main stages of the crisis development at the enterprise are considered: hidden crisis (efficiency crisis, strategy crisis), solvency crisis (performance crisis), threat of bankruptcy (liquidity crisis). The main manifestations of crisis situations at the enterprise at each stage and the main mistakes that management makes in an attempt to counteract the crisis are determined. The main tools for the development and application of anti-crisis measures have been identified. At any stage of the crisis, subject to the introduction of an effective marketing strategy, effective tools of crisis management and the sufficiency of financial resources, it is possible to restore the normal rhythm of the enterprise and strengthen market positions. The experience of well-known companies that have received a useful effect from the crisis situation is considered. The effectiveness of the anti-crisis management system at the enterprise is achieved subject to the flexibility and adaptability of the management mechanism, the ability to diversify and rapid situational response, the ability to effectively use the potential of the enterprise and the introduction of informal management methods. The article considers tendencies of development of Ukrainian enterprises in conditions of crisis caused by the war. In the context of economic sectors, the main obstacles in the development of enterprises are outlined. The analysis of dynamics of development of the existing business and the beginning of a new one (by sectors of the economy and by regions) is carried out.