Abstract
We analyzed various sources of scientific literature and our data at the experimental field of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences Plant Growing Institute named after V.Ya. Yuryev within 2010-2013. The irradiation of winter wheat and spring barley seeds with the electromagnetic fields of the extremely high frequencies (MWF of EHF) was carried out with the help of the equipment of the Kharkiv Technical University of Radio Electronics. The treatment of seeds with the microwave oscillations of the extremely high frequency electromagnetic field (MWF of EHF) that is widely used for the operation of many radio and home microwave devices was done at the frequency range of 2.5-3.4 GHz, at the power of 0.9-1.8 kW for 5-95 seconds per 1 kg of seeds. The sowing quality of the seeds before and after treatment was determined in accordance with the current State Standard of Ukraine 4138-2002 in the laboratory of the seed production and seed science of the Plant Growing Institute named after V.Ya. Yuryev. The field experiments were performed in the crop rotation laboratory of the seed production and seed science. Pea for grain was sown before spring barley and the black fallow preceded winter wheat. During the experiments the area of the studied plot was 20 m2, the recurrence was four-times, and the placement of the plots were systemic.We suggested the optimum regimes of seeds irradiation with the microwave field of an extremely high frequency (MWF of EHF). They should be at range of 2.4-3.4 GHz with the power consumption of 0.9 kW per 1 kg of seed and at exposure of 45 seconds of 1.8 kW per 1 kg of seeds and exposure of 15-20 seconds. Such regimes cause the increased energy of germination, seeds sprouting, and crop capacity. We proposed to use this solution for improving and increasing the ecological features of winter wheat and spring barley by using the presowing microwave irradiation of seeds instead of chemical treatment. We considered the complex presowing treatment of seeds with MWF of EHF in combination with the plant growth regulators should be adopted and further enhanced.
Highlights
The world experience shows that in the countries with a high level of agro-technical support, the increase in the yield capacity of cereals reaches a critical point
According to the data of the authors who carried out the researches with the seed fungicide Vitavax 200 FF and the preparation Raxil Extra, the development of root rots during the phase of autumn bushing out of winter wheat the variant without treatment was higher than the economic threshold of harmfulness (ETH); it was within the range of 18.5-19.7%
The nature of the presowing irradiation with the microwave field of the extremely high frequencies influence on the sowing quality of spring barley and winter wheat depends on the intensity of the irradiation and its exposure, as well as the associated temperature of the seeds heating
Summary
The world experience shows that in the countries with a high level of agro-technical support, the increase in the yield capacity of cereals reaches a critical point. The dry treatment consists of the even applying of dry powdery preparations on the surface of the seeds The advantages of this method are the simplicity of the execution and the disadvantages are the low technical efficiency due to the weak sticking of the treatment agents to the seed and holding on it. On the surface of the seeds, followed by 3-4 hours of staining, ventilation and drying The advantage of this method is a high efficiency of the infection elimination and the disadvantages are increasing of the moisture content in the seeds, a considerable labour-intensiveness and low productivity (Pryshchepa, 1998). The wet treatment consists of the excessive moistening or soaking the seeds into the liquid (solution, suspension, or emulsion) treatment agent with the subsequent 2 hours staining, ventilation and drying The advantage of this method is a high technical efficiency, and the disadvantages are the necessity for further drying and a considerable labour intensiveness (Pryshchepa, 1998). According to the data of the Irish experts, about 50% of winter wheat crops are lost in that region in the absence of presowing seeds treatment against root rots (Strona, 1984)
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