Ecological testing of barley in the northern foreststeppe of the Chelyabinsk region

Abstract

A comparative evaluation of barley varieties of different ecological and geographical origin (Chelyabinsky 99, Yaik, Omsky 95 and Pamyati Chepeleva) is presented. The varieties were tested in a field experiment at an agricultural enterprise in the Chelyabinsk region in order to select the assortment which provides the maximum stable yield. A total of 20 barley varieties of Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk and Samara breeding were studied during the years of research (2017- 2019, 2021-2022). Barley growth and development took place in contrasting heat and moisture periods of vegetation. The Yaik variety not only showed high productivity potential in the years of study, but was also marked by the most stable crop yield scale together with the Pamyati Chepeleva variety. The most stress-resistant varieties were Omsky 95 and Chelyabinsky 99. In terms of genetic flexibility, the Yaik variety is the leader. The varieties under study were divided into two groups according to the degree of response to the environmental conditions. The first group included the variety Pamyati Chepeleva, that is, under the conditions of these studies, it was weakly responsive to external factors. The second group included the varieties Omsky 95, Yaik and Chelyabinsky 99, they are the most responsive to external factors. The most prominent variety was Omsky 95 which is characterized by the greatest ecological plasticity. A high degree of stability of the reaction was noted in the variety Yaik, low - in other varieties. According to the results of 5-year research in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Chelyabinsk region as a whole, the maximum plasticity and stability was shown by the variety Yaik, which is recommended for agricultural producers.