Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystems provide a variety of benefits for human life and production, and are a key link for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). The basin ecosystem is one type of terrestrial ecosystem. Ecological security (ES) assessments are an important component of the overall strategy to achieve regional sustainable development. The Huaihe River Basin (HRB) has the common characteristics of most basins, such as high population density, a rapidly developing economy, and many environmental problems. This study constructed an ES evaluation system by applying a pressure-state-response framework as an assessment method for the sustainable development of basins. Taking the HRB as an example, this study determined the ES status of the region from 2001 to 2019 and analyzed crucial factors for any variation observed by combining remote sensing and climate data, relevant policies, and spatial information technology. The results highlight the importance of reserves and the negative impact of urban expansion on ES. Additionally, the enactment of policies had a positive impact on ES, whereas precipitation had a negative effect on ES in most areas of the HRB. Based on these results, the government should strengthen the protection of forests, grasslands, and wetlands and improve water conservation facilities. This study provides guidance for the subsequent economic development, environmental protection, and the achievements of SDG 15 in the HRB.
Highlights
The 193 member states of the United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for SustainableDevelopment and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in August 2015 [1]
Each grid contained the result of indicator normalization and weighting, which facilitated intuitive visualization of spatial variation across the region (Figure 3)
This study established a universal Ecological security (ES) evaluation system based on the ecological characteristics of the Huaihe River Basin (HRB) using the PSR model
Summary
Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in August 2015 [1]. The. 17 SDGs aim to protect the Earth and ensuring peace and prosperity for humankind [2], and provide all countries with a common approach and an agenda to address the serious challenges facing the world today, such as poverty, climate change, and conflicts [3]. The aim of SDG 15 is to protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of land; sustainably manage forests; combat desertification; halt land degradation; and prevent biodiversity loss [4]. The basin ecosystem is considered an important component of the terrestrial ecosystem. It is a reasonably closed system with clear boundaries that are involved with material and energy exchange with the external environment [5].
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