Ecological and economic efficiency of the agroforestry complex in the zone of chestnut soils of the Volgograd region

Abstract

Light chestnut soils are the most vulnerable to external factors. In the system of balanced farming, an important place is occupied by the forest reclamation complex, which performs the ecological function of preserving and restoring degraded territories and soils. The zonal aspect of the impact of the agroforestry complex on soil and crops is poorly studied, the choice of criteria for assessing the impact on the agrolandscape causes discussion, there is no theory of rational land use, which determines the relevance of this work. Moreover, there are about 930 thousand hectares of low-productive degraded arable land in the Volgograd region. Therefore, the purpose of the research conducted from 2016 to 2022 was to study the environmental and economic efficiency of the agroforestry complex in the zone of chestnut soils. The research methodology is based on the developments of the GNU VNIIZiZPE, FGBNU VNIALMI, FGBNU "Rosinformagrotech", on the analysis and generalization of scientific literature, data obtained from three economic entities, with different options for agrotechnological and forest reclamation factors and control outside their impact zone. The normative values of the structure have been clarified, supplemented, and the ecological and economic efficiency of the agroforestry complex of the arid zone has been established. A high level of profitability of winter wheat grain production of 92.4-170.4% and a balance of agricultural production of 4 points were revealed, which, under the conditions of anthropogenic and climatic stress of agricultural production, ensures the formation of ecologically balanced agricultural landscapes and the implementation of the idea of rational farming and land use in areas of insufficient and deficient moisture.