Abstract
Theses for search of new types of ecological tourism on the basis of allocation of the prevailing signs of the territory are formed. Currently, ecotourism is spread all over the world: Latin America, Asia and Africa. As a result of natural and cultural features, the existing models of ecotourism have been transformed and new types of ecotourism have appeared. The Middle East is the centre of the origin of the planet's religions. A distinctive feature of Iran, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Israel is the orientation of tourism on pilgrimage tours to sacred places. In Africa and Australia, there is a type of ecotourism, such as ethnic or aboriginal tourism, the cultural landscape of which includes the territory of traditional nature management of local tribes. A special feature of ecotourism in Central and Latin America is the organisation of national parks for the preservation of ancient landscape complexes of extinct civilisations. In Russia, a new type of ecotourism has emerged—expeditionary tourism, which is less dependent on the transport accessibility of the territory and its routes cover large areas. Ecological and cultural synthesis, going beyond the protected areas to the cultural landscape, the greening of the local economy—these can and should be the new principles of the Russian strategy of ecotourism. Each macro region is characterised by its model of environmental and cultural values, which should form national eco-tourism concepts.
 Keywords: Ecological tourism, American (North American, Australian) ecotourism model, Western European (German) ecotourism model, recreational tourism, educational tourism, scientific tourism, rural tourism, ethnic tourism.
Highlights
Ecotourism began to emerge in the 70's and 80's of the 20th century to create the balance between economic benefits derived from recreational outdoor recreation and sustainable development of recreational areas (Butche, 2007; Farrell & Runyan, 1991)
Pilgrims usually put forward much less requirements to the level and quality of service, food, accommodation. They stay for the night in the cells of monasteries, on the territory of ashrams, in tent towns, can spend the night in the temples on the floor or even on the street. Such tourism can be called a subtype of the European model of ecotourism, when the core of the cultural landscape is the sacred places and sacred territories
The African continent has taken the first step from natural tourism to ecotourism according to the North American model (Astanin, 2017)
Summary
Ecotourism began to emerge in the 70's and 80's of the 20th century to create the balance between economic benefits derived from recreational outdoor recreation and sustainable development of recreational areas (Butche, 2007; Farrell & Runyan, 1991). The first is the American model (Astanin, 2017), when ecotourism is carried out within protected areas (specially protected natural areas). Other names of this model: North American or Australian— cognitive ecotourism in the classical sense (Botanical, Zoological, geological, Ecological and Ethnographic tours). The second type is the Western European [or German model of ecotourism (Astanin, 2017)] outside the protected areas, which can be carried out on the spaces of the cultivated and cultural landscape. Today the urgent task is the development of new types of tourism that would carefully involve the natural and eco-cultural heritage of the countries in the tourism business. The synthesis of specialised types of tourism, interaction of protected areas and States in the organisation of eco-tourism routes is the main resource for attracting eco-tourists
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