Abstract
To assess attitudes about eating, weight gain and body image of pregnant adolescents. Pregnant adolescents (n=67) were assessed using the Body Image Questionnaire, the Attitude towards Weight Gain during Pregnancy scale (AWGP) and questions about risk behaviors for eating disorders and unhealthy weight control practices. Associations between variables were analyzed by ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson and Spearman tests. The influence of the independent variables regarding skipping meals, body satisfaction and binge eating was evaluated by logistic regression. The average age of the adolescents was 15.3 years (SD=1.14) and their average gestational age was 21.9 weeks (SD=6.53). The average AWGP score was 52.6 points, indicating a positive attitude towards weight gain, and 82.1% of the pregnant girls were satisfied with their bodies. Obese girls had more body dissatisfaction (p=0.001), and overweight girls thought more about food (p=0.02) and eating (p=0.03). The frequency of reported binge eating was 41.8%, and the frequency of skipping meals was 19%. Regression analysis showed that the current Body Mass Index (p=0.03; OR=1.18) and the importance of body awareness and fitness before pregnancy (p=0.03; OR=4.63) were predictors of skipping meals. Higher socioeconomic level (p=0.04; OR=0.55) and greater concern with weight gain (p=0.03; OR=0.32) predicted binge eating. Even though the majority of the pregnant adolescents had positive attitudes toward weight gain and body satisfaction, those heavier and more concerned with weight gain had a higher risk of unhealthy attitudes, while those of lower social class, less concerned with weight gain and less embarrassed about their bodies during pregnancy, had a lower risk of unhealthy attitudes.
Highlights
To assess attitudes about eating, weight gain and body image of pregnant adolescents
Nessa fase há aumento de gordura corporal, levando não somente a mudanças na aparência física, mas também no próprio sentimento pelo corpo
Escore do Questionário de Imagem Corporal e da Escala de Atitudes em relação ao Ganho de Peso na Gestação total e fatores de gestantes adolescentes (n=67)
Summary
OBJETIVO: Avaliar atitudes em relação à alimentação, ao ganho de peso e à imagem corporal de adolescentes grávidas. MÉTODOS: Adolescentes grávidas (n=67) foram avaliadas por meio do Questionário de Imagem Corporal, da Escala de Atitudes em relação ao Ganho de Peso na Gestação (AGPG) e de questões sobre comportamento de risco para transtornos alimentares e práticas não saudáveis para controle de peso. Uma regressão logística avaliou a influência das variáveis independentes com relação a omitir refeições, satisfação corporal e compulsão alimentar. O escore médio da AGPG foi 52,6 pontos, indicando boa atitude em relação ao ganho de peso, e 82,1% das gestantes apresentaram satisfação corporal. CONCLUSÃO: Mesmo com a maioria das gestantes apresentando atitudes positivas em relação ao ganho de peso e satisfação corporal, as mais pesadas e mais preocupadas com ganho de peso tiveram maior risco de atitudes não saudáveis. As de menor classe social, menos preocupadas com ganho de peso e menos envergonhadas com seu corpo durante a gravidez, tiveram menor risco de atitudes não saudáveis
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