Abstract
The dynamics of the soil solution of agricultural lands in Kirovohrad region during five rounds of agrochemical examination was investigated. It is established that during 35 years the amount of close to neutral and slightly alkaline soils in Kirovohrad region has increased but acidic and neutral ones have decreased. Due to the intensive chemicalization of agricultural production in the 1970s and 1980s, 248,3 thousand hectares of deep and ordinary black soils were transferred to the category of acidic soils. It was found that the proportion of soils that have a weakly acidic reaction of soil solution (pH 5.1–5.5) decreased by 11.0%. Currently, the amount of acid soils has decreased and in 2015 amounted to 105,8 thousand hectares. The proportion of soil close to neutral (pH 5.6–6.0) increased significantly from 41.0 in 1995 (VI round) to 55.1% in 2015 (X round). In the redistribution of soils with neutral reaction (pH 6.1–7.0) there were slight changes from 36.6% in 2000 to 31.3% in 2015. Due to the sharp decline in the number of farm animals, the use of organic fertilizers decreased to a negligible amount of 0.1 t/ha (IX–X round). Mineral fertilizer volumes declined rapidly until 2000 and have gradually increased over the last 17 years. Thus, the application of mineral fertilizers in the region increased from 6.9 kg/ha up to 63.5 kg/ha of active substance. In order to reduce the share of acidic soils on agricultural lands in Kirovohrad region under the current conditions of agriculture it is necessary to: reduce the proportion of physiologically acidic mineral fertilizers; to use local agrochemicals, such as defecate, serpentinite, and calcareous metallurgical slag, for chemical reclamation.
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