Dynamics of body weight during lifestyle modification in patients with high cardiovascular risk, depending on the carriage of various variants of thrifty genes

Abstract

Objective — to study the relationship between the carriage of polymorphic variants PPARG2 (Pro12Ala), ADRB2 (Gln27Glu), ADRB2 (Agr16Gly), ADRB3 (Trp64Agr), FABP2 (Thr54Ala) and changes in anthropometric parameters under the influence of increased physical activity in individuals with high cardiovascular risk.
 Materials and methods. In total, 205 people were examined during the period of years 2019 — 2021. Patients were advised to use physical activity frequently in the form of regular exercises. Among patients who passed the 2nd observation point, 60.5 % (124 patients) reported that they expanded their physical activity, 39.5 % (81 patients) began regular exercises. The study included patients with high cardiovascular risk. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess physical activity. Assessments included anthropometric parameters (weight, height, body mass index, waist and hip circumference, body composition (Composition Monitor BF511, Omron, China, 2015)), levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low‑density lipoproteins. Muscle strength (kg/cm2) was assessed using an electric dynamometer on the wrist Camry EH101 2013 (2018). Isolation and purification of DNA from the whole blood was carried out using a set of reagents «DNA‑sorb‑B» (Amplisens, RF) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Amplification of DNA and genotyping at polymorphic sites in the genes PPARG2, ADRB2, ADRB3, FABP2 was performed by real‑time PCR using a set of reagents «SNP‑EXPRESS‑SHOT» («Litech», RF) according to the manufacturer’s instructions using the product detection system real‑time CFX96 Touch (BioRad Laboratories Pte.Ltd.).
 Results. Depending on the changes in anthropometric parameters, patients were divided into 2 subgroups: in subgroup 1 there was no decrease in BMI before 30.69 ± 7.25 kg/m2, after 29.03 ± 6.84 kg/m2; p = 0.436, and in subgroup 2 a significant decrease in BMI before 31.85 ± 3.68 kg/m2, after 26.79 ± 3.91 kg/m2; p = 0.041. It was revealed that the decrease in BMI in subgroup 2 was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of adipose tissue (р = 0.011) and an increase the proportion of muscle tissue (р = 0.030). In both groups, blood pressure significantly decreased. Heart rate (HR) decreased in both groups, but these changes did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.43). Changes in anthropometric parameters were not accompanied by significant changes in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides levels. A significant increase in HDL cholesterol levels was revealed. It was found that patients with CC and GG variants of the polymorphic locus PPARG2 (Pro12Ala), CG and GG variants of the polymorphic locus ADRB2 (Gln27Glu) and TT variant of the polymorphic locus ADRB3 (Trp64Agr) prevailed in group 2. No significant differences were found for the FABP2 locus (Thr54Ala). In subgroup 1, there were no significant differences in people with various polymorphic variants of genes.
 Conclusions. Associations have been established between the carriage of CG/CG + GG PPARG2 (rs1801282), AA/AA + AG ADRB2 (rs1042713) and TT ADRB3 (rs4994) and a decrease in body mass index during exercise expansion in individuals with high cardiovascular risk.