Dynamical and current-induced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction: Role for damping, gyromagnetism, and current-induced torques in noncollinear magnets

Abstract

Both applied electric currents and magnetization dynamics modify the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), which we call current-induced DMI (CIDMI) and dynamical DMI (DDMI), respectively. We report a theory of CIDMI and DDMI. The inverse of CIDMI consists in charge pumping by a time-dependent gradient of magnetization $\partial^2 M(r,t)/\partial r\partial t$, while the inverse of DDMI describes the torque generated by $\partial^2 M(r,t)/\partial r\partial t$. In noncollinear magnets CIDMI and DDMI depend on the local magnetization direction. The resulting spatial gradients correspond to torques that need to be included into the theories of Gilbert damping, gyromagnetism, and current-induced torques (CITs) in order to satisfy the Onsager reciprocity relations. CIDMI is related to the modification of orbital magnetism induced by magnetization dynamics, which we call dynamical orbital magnetism (DOM), and spatial gradients of DOM contribute to charge pumping. We present applications of this formalism to the CITs and to the torque-torque correlation in textured Rashba ferromagnets.