Duration of periods of growth and development of common common bean plants under the effect of the technological measures of cultivation

Abstract

Purpose. To determine the duration of the vegetation and interstage periods in different common bean varieties under the effect of the method of sowing and plant density in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine.
 Methods. Field research was conducted in 2020–2022 at the experimental field of the State Enterprise Experimental Farm Salivonkivske (Kyiv Region) of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine in typical low-humus chernozem according to generally accepted methods in crop production. The design of the field experiment provided for the study of the following factors: A – variety (‘Bilosnizhka’, ‘Ros’, ‘Slaviia’); B – sowing method (wide row with a row width of 45 cm, ordinary row with a row width of 15 cm); C – plant density (400, 500, 600, 700 thousand/ha). Phenological observations of the growth and development of bean plants were carried out in accordance with the Methods of State Variety Testing of Crops.
 Results. The period from germination to full grain maturity in common bean was 80–90 days. Thickening of crops extended the growing season of plants of all studied varieties by 1–3 days. The shortest growing season in the studied varieties ranged from 80 to 88 days for the wide-row method of sowing and plant density of 400,000/ha. With conventional row width and a plant density of 700,000/ha, the growing season increased to 82–90 days. The duration of the vegetation period was significantly influenced by weather conditions. The longest vegetation period of 85–97 days was in 2022. In 2020, under the influence of a long-term moisture deficit against the background of high air temperatures, the growing season shortened to 72–81 days. The period from germination of full emergence to the beginning of the budding stage is longer in the varieties ‘Bilosnizhka’ and ‘Ros’. The thickening of crops and the usual row width led to the prolongation of the interstage period of the third trifoliate leaf − budding in all studied varieties. From the flowering stage to full maturity, the duration of the interstage periods was determined only by the varietal properties of the plants.
 Conclusions. The longest growing season, 88–90 days, was observed in ‘Bilosnizhka’ variety and the shortest, 80–82 days, in ‘Slaviia’. Sowing by the usual row method and the increased plant density prolonged the growing season of all varieties. Agrotechnical measures affected the duration of interstage periods only until the onset of the phenological stage of budding, then the growth and development of plants largely depended on the genetic characteristics of the variety and the weather conditions of the year.