Dual Stepped Line Impedance Antenna for 8 GHz Communication

Abstract

The utility of compact design electronics as per famous moors law exerts a great pressure for compact size communication devices development. A patch antenna is one of the most compact forms of antenna used in day-to-day communication, the compactness of any radiating device is a function of its electrical length rather than its physical length. Several concepts have been examined by different researchers but most of them suffer destitute VSWR, deprived radiation resistance and narrow bandwidth. We can change the electrical as well as physical length of any patch antenna by the help of a stepped impedance structure. In this manuscript, we are presenting three patch antennas first one is a single steeped impedance structure with simple feed and rectangular feed line on the other hand 2nd and 3rd designs are dual stepped impedance structures along with steeped feeding technique, in 2nd design we even introduced variable-width steeped structure as compare of 3rd design, having symmetrical steeped width throughout. In the second design we get the best return loss of -52.11 dB at a center frequency of 3 GHz with an improvement of 122% in bandwidth at lower frequency range and 373.7% improvement in bandwidth at the higher range of frequency along with improvement in the gain of 10.49 dB higher than the 1st design at a higher frequency range of 7.4 GHz, we are also able to get circular polarization at 7.4 GHz with an axial ratio of 0.30 dB.The proposed design with and without the introduction of Stepped Impedance parameter especially dual stepped impedance structure with variable steeped line width gives us a glimpse of changing Stepped Impedance parameters improves the gain, bandwidth and axial ratio for multiband application of 5G communication.