Abstract
High-accuracy Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning is a prospective technology that will be used in future automotive navigation systems. This system will be a composite of the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Federation's Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), China Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and the European Union’s Galileo. The major improvement in accuracy and precision is based on (1) multiband signal transmitting, (2) carrier phase correction, (3) Real Time Kinematic (RTK). Due to the size and high-cost of today’s survey-grade antenna solutions, this kind of technology is difficult to use widely in the automotive sector. In this paper, a low-cost small size dual-band ceramic GNSS patch antenna is presented from design to real sample. A further study of this patch antenna illustrates the absolute phase center variation measured in an indoor range to achieve a received signal phase error correction. In addition, this low-cost antenna solution is investigated when integrated into a standard multi-band automotive antenna product. This product is evaluated both on its own in an indoor range and on a typical vehicle roof at an outdoor range. By using this evaluation file to estimate the receiver position could achieve phase motion error-free result.
Highlights
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have been widely developed in the last 30 years
The main contribution of this paper was the characterization of antenna phase center motion error on the Phase Center Variation (PCV) and Phase Center Offset (PCO) for a dual-band GNSS patch antenna: 1) on a 250mm circular ground plane; 2) integrated into a shark-fin antenna on this ground plane; and 3) integrated into a shark-fin antenna on a vehicle roof
The real measurement results show that when the GNSS antenna is assembled with other elements in a compact multifunctional package, the electrical performance is affected.The simulation result shows the antenna in a perfect electrical wall boundary condition Equation (6a) and (6b), the antenna performance is nearly the theory calculation with a good agreement in circular polarization, such as axial ratio
Summary
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have been widely developed in the last 30 years. There is a study work on the phase center variations for GNSS signal processing based on the chamber measurement [5]. The work is focused on the low-cost GNSS antenna performance of a vehicular platform, especially for the upcoming autonomous driving vehicle. The main contribution of this paper was the characterization of antenna phase center motion error on the PCV and PCO for a dual-band GNSS patch antenna: 1) on a 250mm circular ground plane; 2) integrated into a shark-fin antenna on this ground plane; and 3) integrated into a shark-fin antenna on a vehicle roof. Each scenario has different PCV and PCO performance This means that each vehicle platform and antenna location require a unique calibration to characterize PCV and PCO for optimal position accuracy estimation. This paper is organized as follows; firstly, understanding the antenna phase center motion error in a positioning system, the multi-band GNSS strategies of different OEMs, after that an applicable design for L1/L5 antenna patch and its phase result, some of measurement results of the proposed design from both indoor and outdoor antenna ranges
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