Abstract
This paper presents a volume of fluid (VOF) model for multiphase rainfall simulation that injects rain droplets as a continuous phase alongside the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method to resolve air-water interfaces. An approach based on multi-level domains and a pseudo-random algorithm is proposed to determine injection locations in a random and non-intrusive manner with the least bias. Face zones instead of faces are adopted as constituent elements for droplet injection to prevent droplet fragmentation due to a change of face IDs caused by AMR. Correspondingly, a new multi-level address system is introduced to establish the correspondence among subdomains at different levels. The model is applied to multiphase flow VOF simulation for parametric 2-D and 3-D rainfall analysis. The results are verified by the data reported in the literature. It demonstrates that the model can efficiently simulate realistic rainfall phenomena, capture the droplet interface, and preserve droplet injection uniformity.
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