Abstract
Drones, also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), have emerged as transformative tools in addressing the multifaceted challenges of agriculture and agroforestry. Climate change, population growth, and soil degradation threaten food security, particularly in Asia, where chronic hunger affects millions. However, the adoption of drone technology is revolutionizing the industry. Drones equipped with high-resolution cameras and sensors enable precise aerial surveys and monitoring, facilitating data-driven decisions on irrigation, fertilization, and pest management. They also offer precision planting and seeding, early disease and pest detection, and efficient irrigation management, conserving water resources. Moreover, drones assess crop health, conduct tree inventory and mapping, save time and costs, and enhance environmental sustainability by reducing agrochemical use. Despite their vast potential, drones face challenges, including limited flight time, weather dependence, regulatory complexities, and skill requirements. To fully harness drone capabilities, investment in sensing technologies, data analysis, machine learning, and regulatory frameworks is essential, while customizing drones for specific agricultural needs and promoting collaboration can further empower the agriculture and agroforestry sectors.
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