Abstract
While autologous bone is still the gold standard for treatment of bone defects, its availability is limited. Sufficient numbers of mesenchymal stroma cells (MSC) may be an alternative. Small volumes of bone marrow aspirate (BMA) were harvested with two different needle systems comparing the yield and regenerative potency of the MSCs. BMA (10 mL) was aspirated from the posterior iliac crest of 12 patients with degenerative spinal disc disease using both needle systems in each patient: the Jamshidi needle (JAM) and on the contralateral side the Marrow Cellution® Needle (AMC). Number of mononuclear cells (MNCs) and regeneration capacity (colony-forming unit/CFU) were determined. MSCs were characterized for surface markers and their differentiation into trilineages. There was no significant difference between the two harvesting needles regarding the quantity of MNCs in BMA: 5.2 ± 1.8 × 109 MNC/mL for AMC vs. 4.8 ± 2.5 × 109 MNC/mL for JAM, p = 0.182. The quantity of CFUs per ml BMA was similar for both groups: 3717 ± 5556 for AMC and 4305 ± 5507 for JAM (p = 0.695). The potency of MSCs expressed as colony-forming potential per 106 MNC resulted in 0.98 ± 1.51 for AMC and 1.00 ± 0.96 for JAM (p = 0.666). Regardless of the needle design, 10 mL bone marrow aspirate contains a sufficient number of about 40,000 MSCs that can be used to enhance bone healing.
Highlights
In order to compensate for the lack of donor autologous bone, various bone substitute materials (BSM) such as hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate (CC) and bioglass have been investigated, as well as biological adhesive, which can be used in combination with cells as stem-cell-seeded scaffolds or gene-functionalized bone substitutes [4,5]
Our results show that both needle systems provided sufficient quantities of mesenchymal stroma cells (MSC) for treatment of bone defects
This study shows that a small volume of bone marrow harvested with needles of two different designs without further processing is sufficient to obtain enough MSCs for clinical use in bone defect surgery
Summary
Autologous bone has osteoconductive properties which form a framework of bone substance. It is osteoinductive due to the cytokines and growth factors (i.e., fibroblast growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein-2) it contains and, the mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow make it osteogenic [1]. In order to compensate for the lack of donor autologous bone, various bone substitute materials (BSM) such as hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate (CC) and bioglass have been investigated, as well as biological adhesive, which can be used in combination with cells as stem-cell-seeded scaffolds or gene-functionalized bone substitutes [4,5]. Most clinically used BSMs are based on allografts or collagen/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds [6]
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