Does land-use affect the temperature distribution across the city of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México?

Abstract

A combination of natural (tropical latitudes) and human induced (Climate Change, Urban heat island) conditions give rise and exacerbate extreme hot temperatures, but mechanisms are unclear. Land use and land cover change (LULC) is considered one of the main causes of Urban Heat Island (UHI) but its contribution varies depending on local conditions. This study focuses on determining the influence of land use change on the UHI effect in Tuxtla Gutiérrez City by investigating the relationship between LULC and land surface temperature (LST). Through Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 imagery, this study analyzes historical LST. In 2017, the highest LST (>40 °C) occurred in the metal ceiling land class, which is made up of malls with open-air parking zones. This coverage occupied less than 3% of the total city area. Bare agriculture soil (BAS) class, located mainly on the periphery of the city, represented 11% of the city, and reported a mean LST of 35 °C, followed by asphalt roads with 34 °C and concrete ceiling with 32 °C. The lowest LST (< 28 °C), occurred in contiguous areas of trees greater than 3 ha. The LST variation when land use changed from trees to another coverage (1.3 to 3.1 °C) is higher than in the opposite direction (0.1 to 1.2 °C). The elimination or replacement of tress with impervious surfaces are the main causes for LST increase in Tuxtla Gutiérrez.