Abstract
ObjectivesSolely light-activated luting agents have been suggested for cementing procedures with aesthetic rehabilitations, but questions remain regarding their curing potential under more opaque prosthesis. To determine the degree of carbon double bond (C=C) conversion (DC) of four categories of luting strategies when considering the interposition of lithium-disilicate ceramic laminates with different translucencies during the photo-activation procedures.Materials and methodsFour different luting strategies were considered: a dual-activated resin-based cement (control, RelyX ARC, 3M ESPE), a solely light-activated resin-based cement (RelyX Veneer, 3M ESPE), a flowable resin-based composite (Filtek Z350 XT Flow, 3M ESPE), and a pre-heated (68 °C for 30 min) regular resin-based composite (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE). The DC was determined by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (n = 6), 1 min after light-activation in two conditions: (a) with direct light exposure and (b) with light exposure with the interposition of lithium-disilicate disks (e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) with 1.5 mm thickness with three translucent degrees: high translucency (HT), low translucency (LT), and medium opacity (MO). The translucency parameter (TP) formula was performed to quantitatively evaluate the ceramics’ translucencies using white (L* = 93.7, a* = 1.2, and b* = 0.8) and black (L* = 8.6, a* = − 0.7, and b* = − 1.5) backgrounds. The irradiance from the light curing unit (Bluephase G2, Ivoclar Vivadent) was calculated with a power meter (Ophir Optronics) with direct light exposure to the sensor and also with the interposition of the light ceramic discs. Degree of conversion data was submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05).ResultsTranslucency parameters values were 16.4, 13.4 and 12.6 for HT, LT and MO ceramics—respectively—and affected the percentage of light transmission. For all ceramic translucencies the highest DC values were observed for the dual-activated resin-based cement followed by the solely light-activated resin-based cement, the flowable composite and then by pre-heated regular composite. The ceramic’s translucency influenced the DC only for the pre-heated composite.ConclusionsThe effect of the ceramic translucency on the curing behavior was dependent on the luting strategy. The DC was only affected for the pre-heated composite, which demonstrates lower conversion with the increased ceramic opacity.
Highlights
Lithium-disilicate-based dental ceramic restorations are commonly used for cosmetic and oral rehabilitation treatments
For all ceramic translucencies the highest DC values were observed for the dual-activated resin-based cement followed by the solely light-activated resin-based cement, the flowable composite and by pre-heated regular composite
The effect of the ceramic translucency on the curing behavior was dependent on the luting strategy
Summary
Lithium-disilicate-based dental ceramic restorations are commonly used for cosmetic and oral rehabilitation treatments. Various clinical applications for crowns, conventional veneers, ultra-thin veneers, occlusal veneers, and other partial dental restorations are justified due to the range of available translucencies, higher mechanical strength compared with more traditional feldspathic glass and the ability to modify fit surfaces that allows reliable adhesion with resin-based luting materials [1,2,3,4]. Optimal polymerization of the resin-based luting material is an important goal for the clinical success of lithium-disilicate-based restorations [5]. The thickness and opacity of the lithium-disilicate ceramic is known to compromise polymerization of the resin-based luting composite [8,9,10]. Studies regarding the effect of the ceramic interposition have focused mainly on traditional resin cements
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