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Abstract
This is the first report of a research project that focuses on the impact of socioeconomic factors on divorce risk in the context of other determinants. In this paper; divorce risk differentials are examined by two measures of family composition and various indicators of spouses' socioeconomic status. Divorce risk differentials are described also by two temporal variables; which are used as control variables in the other analyses. This is a register-based follow-up study, covering Finnish first marriages which were intact at the end of 1990 and judicial divorces between l 991 and l 993. A piecewise exponential hazards model is used. When the temporal factors were recontrolled for; divorce risk increased with increasing age of the youngest child, and divorce risk decreased with increasing numbers of children in the family in every age group of the youngest child. Also, when the temporal factors were held constant, socioeconomic status was inversely related to divorce risk, when socioeconomic status was measured by either of the spouses' education, occupational class or economic activity, husbands income or housing tenure.
Highlights
The increase in divorce rates during the 20thcentury has been one o f the most sigmfieant demographic and family trends in many Western countries, including Finland Economic, political and demographic as well as ideological changes have influenced the divorce rate, and divorce legislation has been adjusted to the changes in family life
The analyses focus on first marriages in Finland that were intact at the end o f 1990 and judicial divorces between 1991 and 1993
To the extent that the probability o f divorce after permanent separation, or the length o f the interval between separation and divorce is different in various subgroups, analyses based on only judicial divorce misrepresent differences in the fre quency o f permanent marital disruption (Bumpass and Sweet 1972)
Summary
The increase in divorce rates during the 20thcentury has been one o f the most sigmfieant demographic and family trends in many Western countries, including Finland Economic, political and demographic as well as ideological changes have influenced the divorce rate, and divorce legislation has been adjusted to the changes in family life. The mean age at first marriage and at the birth o f the first child have increased, unions are formed at a younger age than a few decades earlier, usually as unmarried cohabitation Due to these changes, a new typical phase in family life cycles has emerged: a period o f childless cohabitation before marriage and childbearing (Finnas 1995a). During this period, the divorce rate has fluctuated but shows a clear upward trend. The most recent rise in the divorce rate did not begin until after the end o f tit® study period Another relevant fact ffom the point o f view o f the present study may be that in the 1990s, Finland experienced a deep economic recession. It peaked at 18-4 percent m 1994 and began to decline (Statistics Finland 1997b, 342)
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