Abstract
The distributions of plastic strain and negative pressure (hydrostatic tensile stress) have been computed both by an approximate method based on an extension of the Bridgman development and by a finite element analysis in inhomogeneously deforming bars after necking. The computations have been made for both initially smooth bars as well as bars having machined initial natural neck profiles, for two types of stress-strain behavior, modelling a spheroidized 1045 steel and a fully aged Cu-0.5 pct Cr alloy. The results of the finite element analysis show that the approximate method based on an extension of the Bridgman development is good only for slightly necked bars. In more acutely necked bars the Bridgman development is good only near the center of the neck. Some experimental results on strain distribution and on neck profiles are also presented.
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