Abstract

The distribution of cellulose-decomposing, nitrogen-fixing and/or oligonitrophilic, acid-producing and phosphate-dissolving bacteria was studied in six localities, representing two soil types of Kuwait: the salt marsh and the desert type. The salt marsh soils had much lower populations of these groups of bacteria than the desert soils. The results also show that the roots of salt marsh plants exert weaker stimulatory effects on these groups of bacteria than the roots of desert plants. This may be due to the higher salinity (especially in the Nitraria community) or to the tidal washing effect (in the Salicornia locality), which are likely to decrease the plant root exudates. Maximum counts of cellulose decomposers were obtained from the Cyperus locality, followed by those from the Mesembryanthemum locality. From cellulose agar plates of the Cyperus community 80 actinomycete strains were isolated and studied for their cellulolytic activity. Of these, only 16 isolates showed a good cellulolytic activity. Fifteen out of the 16 isolates belonged to the genus Streptomyces (10 isolates were from the Gray series and 5 from the Red series). The remaining isolate was identified as a Nocardia sp. Azotobacter spp. were recorded from the roots of Salicornia herbacea, Cyperus conglomeratus, Rhanterium epapposum, and Convolvulus oxyphyllus. In the non-rhizosphere soil they were found only in the Mesembryanthemum locality. Acid-producing and phosphate-dissolving bacteria were recorded from all samples, collected from the different localities studied. Maximum counts of acid producers were obtained from the Mesembryanthemum locality, while maximum counts of phosphate dissolvers were obtained from the Mesembryanthemum rhizosphere only. In sechs verschiedenen Standorten wurde die Verteilung der Zellulosezersetzer, Stickstoff-binder und/oder Oligonitrophilen, Säurebildner und Phosphatmobilisierer untersucht. Die Standorte repräsentieren zwei wichtige kuweitische Böden: Salzmarsch und Wüste. Die Keimzahlen der genannten Bakteriengruppen waren in den Salzmarschen geringer als in den Wüstenböden. Die Wurzeln der Salzmarschpflanzen stimulieren die o. a. Bakteriengruppen weniger als die der Wüstenpflanzen. Dies mag mit dem höheren Salzgehalt (besonders in der Nitraria-Gesellschaft) oder der auswaschenden Wirkung von Ebbe und Flut, die wahrscheinlich einen Rückgang der Wurzelexsudate bewirkte, in Zusammenhang stehen. Höchste Gehalte an Zellulosezersetzern wurden im Cyperus-Standort registriert, gefolgt vom Mesembryanthemum-Standort. Von den Zellulose-Agarplatten des Cyperus-Standortes wurden 80 Aktinomyzeten-Stämme isoliert. Nur 16 dieser Isolate zeigten eine gute zellulosezersetzende Aktivität, 15 davon gehörten der Gattung Streptomyces an (10 zur Grauen und 5 zur Roten Serie). Ein Isolat wurde als Nocardia sp. identifiziert. Azotobacter spp. wurden an den Wurzeln von Salicornia herbacea, Cyperus conglomeratus, Rhanterium epapposum und Convolvulus oxyphyllus nachgewiesen, außerhalb der Rhizosphäre nur bei Mesembryanthemum.

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