DISPUTE SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS AND REFUSED CLAIMS IN PAYMENT GATEWAY TRANSACTIONS ON PAYPAL INDONESIA

In transactions using Paypal, of course, there are many reasons for the risk of disputes occurring, ranging from delays in delivery, damaged goods, and transactions without authorization. The problem will be different when they carry out business transactions in different regions of the country and they have different nationalities. The research method uses a normative and empirical juridical approach, a normative juridical approach is carried out by studying legal norms or rules, while the empirical approach is carried out by direct interviews with sources who will relate to research problems, the data analysis used is qualitative. In trading transactions via the internet, trade is generally carried out by people who are located and subject to different countries and jurisdictionsThe legal relationship between Payment Gateway Users and Payment Gateway Providers At Fintech Paypal Indonesia is where the parties involved in the electronic payment system include consumers, business actors, acquirers, issuers and payment gateway providers. legal relationships that arise between consumers, business actors, acquirers, issuers and payment gateway operators are born from agreements made by the parties. Dispute Resolution and Chargeback Claims in Payment Gateway Transaction activities on Paypal Fintech where the paypal system provides services can communicate directly with the seller by opening a dispute at the Paypal Dispute Settlement Center. if it is not completed in following the policies provided by paypal services, consumers or business actors can ask for recommendations to mediate to the paypal service center but if they are not finished, business actors and consumers can resolve disputes through litigation, which usually business actors are subject to the applicable law, applies where the consumer is a national.

The research problem is why the perpetrator committed the criminal act of insulting Jokowi, the President of the Republic of Indonesia through social media. How to implement criminal sanctions against perpetrators of criminal acts of insulting Jokowi, the President of the Republic of Indonesia through social media. According to the results of the research on the factors causing the perpetrator to commit hate speech crimes on social media, among others, the psychological factors of the individual itself can cause crimes such as emotional power, low mental health, hurt with the victim, revenge, the public's ignorance factor is also the cause of hate speech crimes. especially the insults committed on social media. The implementation of criminal sanctions for cases in this study is that after paying attention to the criminal elements the defendant has been convicted of a criminal act of insulting the President according to the prosecutor's demands. The defendant was proven to have fulfilled the elements of Article 207 of the Criminal Code. The research method uses a normative and empirical juridical approach, the normative juridical approach is carried out by studying norms or rules, while the empirical approach is carried out by interviewing the sources. Efforts to further examine the Crime of Insulting the President, for example the Articles of President Defamation which can be aggravated. The quality of the crimes of humiliation of the President continues to increase. Therefore, it is necessary to improve facilities and infrastructure in law enforcement. This includes improving the capacity of law enforcement officers, namely: Police, prosecutors, judges and advocates, for example in mastery of information technology. To be able to anticipate or at least minimize criminal acts of insulting the President, the government, especially Judges, must firmly impose sanctions in the form of heavier penalties for each perpetrator of the president's insult so that the sanctions given can actually have a clear effect on those who have done them and can make fear for a person who has not committed a criminal act of insulting the President.
 The research problem is why the perpetrator committed the criminal act of insulting Jokowi, the President of the Republic of Indonesia through social media. How to implement criminal sanctions against perpetrators of criminal acts of insulting Jokowi, the President of the Republic of Indonesia through social media. According to the results of the research on the factors causing the perpetrator to commit hate speech crimes on social media, among others, the psychological factors of the individual itself can cause crimes such as emotional power, low mental health, hurt with the victim, revenge, the public's ignorance factor is also the cause of hate speech crimes. especially the insults committed on social media. The implementation of criminal sanctions for cases in this study is that after paying attention to the criminal elements the defendant has been convicted of a criminal act of insulting the President according to the prosecutor's demands. The defendant was proven to have fulfilled the elements of Article 207 of the Criminal Code. The research method uses a normative and empirical juridical approach, the normative juridical approach is carried out by studying norms or rules, while the empirical approach is carried out by interviewing the sources. Efforts to further examine the Crime of Insulting the President, for example the Articles of President Defamation which can be aggravated. The quality of the crimes of humiliation of the President continues to increase. Therefore, it is necessary to improve facilities and infrastructure in law enforcement. This includes improving the capacity of law enforcement officers, namely: Police, prosecutors, judges and advocates, for example in mastery of information technology. To be able to anticipate or at least minimize criminal acts of insulting the President, the government, especially Judges, must firmly impose sanctions in the form of heavier penalties for each perpetrator of the president's insult so that the sanctions given can actually have a clear effect on those who have done them and can make fear for a person who has not committed a criminal act of insulting the President.

One form of embezzlement is in the Decision of the Kalianda District Court of South Lampung Number 307 / Pid.B / 2018 / PN.Kla which states that Defendant Selamet Riyadi Bin Tugino has been proven legally and convincingly guilty of committing a criminal offense " The problem in the research is why the perpetrators committed the crime of embezzling civet coffee in PD. Sumber Buana Abadi based on Decision Number 307 / Pid.B / 2018 / PN.Kla and how the responsibility of perpetrators of criminal acts of embezzlement of civet coffee in PD. Sumber Buana Abadi based on Decision Number 307 / Pid.B / 2018 / PN.Kla. The research method uses a normative and empirical juridical approach, where the normative juridical approach is carried out by studying legal norms or rules, legal principles, while the empirical approach is conducted by direct interviews with informants who will relate to research problems, data analysis used is qualitative juridical. The results of the study showed that the causes of the perpetrators committed the crime of embezzling civet coffee in PD. Sumber Buana Abadi, based on Decision Number 307 / Pid.B / 2018 / PN.Kla, is a mentality of workers, a fulfillment of life necessities, an intention and opportunity and a greedy attitude from humans. The most dominant factor is the urgent need for money from the perpetrators. Criminal liability perpetrators of criminal acts of embezzlement of civet coffee in PD. Sumber Buana Abadi based on Decision Number 307 / Pid.B / 2018 / PN.Kla is where the defendant Selamet Riyadi Bin Tugino has been proven legally and convincingly guilty of committing a criminal offense "Also Participating in Crime of Emblem". Sentenced to Defendant because of that with imprisonment for 10 (ten) months. Determine the period of arrest and detention that has been carried out by the Defendant to be deducted entirely from the sentence handed down. Determine the Defendant to remain detained. As well as imposing on the Defendant to pay court fees in the amount of Rp. 2,000 (two thousand rupiah). Saran, it is expected that the Judge in carrying out consideration prioritizes a sense of justice for victims, defendants and the public. It is expected that the Public Prosecutor in applying the criminal or in giving a claim to the defendant must be in accordance with the actions of the defendant because this is the judge's reference in making his decision.

One of the crimes concerning the misuse of car vehicles is the crime of embezzling cars as the crime is rampant in Indonesia, one of which is in case Number 839/Pid.B/2018/PN.Tjk in 2018. The problem in research is why the perpetrators commit criminal acts embezzlement and imposition of cars based on Decision Number 839/Pid.B/2018/PN.Tjk and how the criminal responsibility of the perpetrators of criminal acts of embezzlement and detention of cars is based on Decision Number 839/Pid.B/2018/PN.Tjk. The research method uses a normative and empirical juridical approach, the normative juridical approach is carried out by studying legal norms or rules, legal principles, while the empirical approach is carried out by direct interviews with informants who will relate to research problems, data analysis used is qualitative analysis. The results of the study indicate that the factors causing the perpetrators to commit criminal acts of embezzlement and car detention are based on Decision Number 839/Pid.B/2018/PN.Tjk opportunity factors and economic needs factors. This factor is due to the defendant's desperate need for a certain amount of money at a fast time so that the defendant made a shortcut by making embezzlement and overcoming the car. The criminal liability of the defendant who commits a crime of manipulating and imposing a car based on Case Number 839/Pid.B/2018/PN.Tjk Year 2018 is that the sentence of imprisonment for 8 (eight) months is reduced as long as the defendant is temporarily detained. detained. Suggestions, for the Judges in carrying out the consideration prioritize a sense of justice for victims, defendants and the public. In addition, judges should carefully pay attention to matters that can alleviate or incriminate defendants other than judges who have also been given the freedom to make decisions in order to enforce law and justice so that judges do not have to depend on public prosecutors' demands in determining crimes for defendants. To the Public Prosecutor in applying the criminal or in giving a claim to the defendant must be appropriate or in accordance with the actions of the defendant because this is the judge's reference in making his decision. In addition, the Public Prosecutor should also have material legal knowledge so that there are no more errors or nonconformities in applying the crime against the accused.

Based on Decision No. 210/Pdt.G/2020/PN-Tjk showed that the Plaintiff's claim was partially granted, stating that Defendant I and Defendant II had committed an Unlawful Act (Onrechmatig Daad) which harmed the Plaintiff. The problem in this research is the factor that causes the unlawful act (onrechmatige daad) of not being given the Motorized Vehicle Ownership Book (BPKB) of a motorized vehicle in the case of Decision No. 210/Pdt.G/2020/PN-Tjk and the Judge's considerations in deciding cases against unlawful acts (onrechmatige daad) not being given a Motorized Vehicle Ownership Book (BPKB) for motorized vehicles based on Decision No. 210/Pdt.G/2020/PN-Tjk.The research method uses a normative and empirical juridical approach, a normative juridical approach is carried out by studying legal norms or rules, legal principles, while the empirical approach is carried out by direct interviews with informants who will be related to research problems, the data analysis used is qualitative analysis.The results of the study showed that the factors that led to the unlawful act were not given the motor vehicle owner's book (BPKB) in the case of Decision No. 210/Pdt.G/2020/PN-Tjk, namely a legal factor due to the absence of internal provisions requiring that fiduciary guarantees be notarized. The judge's considerations in deciding cases against unlawful acts are not giving a motorized vehicle owner's book (BPKB) based on that the creditor does not write off the Fiduciary Guarantee record after the debt from the debtor is paid off.

The case of fraudulent acts, especially the problem of the contents in the packaging that is not in accordance with what is described in the packaging label is regulated in Article 382 of the Criminal Code. One of them is handled by the West Sumatra Regional Police's Ditreskrimsus. This is in accordance with the Police Report Number: LP / 303 / A / XI / 2019
 / Spkt-Sbr, November 4, 2019, with the alleged criminal act intentionally including or making statements or statements that are misleading or not in accordance with the actual conditions or incorrect item label found on Tuesday, October 1, 2019. The approach used in this study is a normative juridical approach supported by an empirical juridical approach. From the results of the research and discussion it can be concluded that: First, the elements of a criminal act of selling goods not in accordance with the specifications of goods in packaging by business actors in Sub-Directorate I of the Directorate General of Criminal and Criminal Investigation of the West Sumatra Regional Police, are: Article 144 Jo Article 100 paragraph
 (2) of Law Number 18 of 2012 concerning Food, and Article 62 paragraph (1) of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Second, the application of the elements of a criminal act of selling goods that are not in accordance with the specifications of packaged goods by business actors in Sub-Directorate I of the Directorate General of Criminal and Criminal Investigation of the West Sumatra Regional Police is Article 144 Jo Article 100 paragraph (2) of Law Number 18 of 2012 concerning Food, by looking at a) Anyone, b) Intentionally, and c) provide information or statements that are untrue or misleading on labels. As well as Article 62 paragraph (1) of Law Number 8 Year 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, with the following elements: a) not in accordance with the conditions; b) guarantee, features or efficacy; and c) as stated in the label, etiquette or description of the goods and / or services. Third, the obstacles encountered by the Subdit I Indagsi Ditreskrimsus Polda West Sumatra, are internal constraints and external constraints. There are internal obstacles: a) political intervention that makes this case stop; and b) given SP3. Meanwhile, the external constraints are: a) The modus operandi of the perpetrator is always changing; b) officials from related institutions who are less cooperative; and c) lack of socialization to the community, the efforts made in overcoming the obstacles have been adjusted to the needs of external and internal constraints`

Settlement of Land Disputes through Mediation (Studies on Karawang Regency Land). The Karawang Regency Land Office can resolve several cases of land disputes through mediation, but cases are rarely resolved. In this thesis, several issues are raised, namely the role of the Karawang Regency Land Office in resolving land disputes through mediation, the procedure for resolving land disputes through mediation at the Karawang Regency Land Office and what is the success rate of mediation and obstacles in the mediation process at the Karawang Regency Land Office.
 The research method used in this research is a combination of a normative juridical approach with an empirical juridical approach. The normative juridical approach is to collect the necessary literature in the form of books, research journals, internet sites and laws and regulations on mediation, the National Land Agency, then an empirical juridical approach, namely by collecting data which is then taken from the results of interviews with the Head of Dispute Handling Subsection. , Conflicts and Land Cases.
 Settlement of land disputes at the Karawang Regency Land Office through mediation, which acts as a mediator. Settlement of land disputes through several procedures that have been implemented at the Karawang Regency Land Office. The success rate of resolving land disputes through mediation is rarely resolved, this is influenced by several obstacles. After conducting the research, it was concluded that the role of the Karawang Regency Land Office in resolving land disputes through mediation as a mediator was not optimal. Dispute resolution carried out at the Karawang Regency Land Office is carried out in accordance with Technical Guidelines No..05 / Juknis / D.V / 2007 concerning Mediation Implementation Mechanisms and Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs Number 11 of 2016 concerning Settlement of Land Cases. The success rate of mediation at the Karawang Regency Land Office is very low. This level of success is influenced by obstacles in the mediation process from the disputing parties which brings more emotional feelings, if the disputing parties use the services of a legal attorney, then there are some attorneys who prefer to win cases in court, and the absence of one of the parties in the mediation process.

This study aims to analyze the cases of land expropriation of ownership rights from the perspective of agrarian law. Land expropriation is an increasingly frequent phenomenon, causing complex agrarian conflicts that require appropriate legal handling. The focus of this study is on the aspects of agrarian law related to cases of land expropriation, including land rights, agrarian regulations, and agrarian dispute resolution. The research methods used are normative juridical and empirical methods. The normative juridical approach is carried out by reviewing various laws, regulations, and policies related to agrarian law as well as literature studies to understand the legal framework governing land ownership. Meanwhile, the empirical juridical approach is conducted by analyzing data on land expropriation cases that have occurred, including the dispute resolution processes that have been carried out. The results of this study show that cases of land expropriation of ownership rights involve violations of the original owners' land rights. Factors such as lack of oversight, weak law enforcement, and unclear agrarian regulations contribute to the increase in land expropriation cases. From the perspective of agrarian law, protection of land rights needs to be strengthened through regulatory improvements and enhanced law enforcement. This study also highlights the importance of effective and fair agrarian dispute resolution. The dispute resolution process needs to involve active participation from all parties involved, including local communities and local governments. The implementation of alternative dispute resolutions, such as mediation and arbitration, can also be a quicker and more efficient solution.

The approach used is a normative juridical approach supported by an empirical juridical approach. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The data collection technique used is through a literature study/document study and interviews. The data obtained is presented in a qualitative descriptive form. The result of the research is that the rights and obligations of consumers of Nipah Panjang – Sadu ferry services are not in accordance with the regulations, for example there is no compensation, compensation and/or reimbursement in the event of an accident and tickets have not been provided as proof of the crossing transportation agreement. Likewise, the rights and obligations of business actors have not been implemented because there is no good faith from the business actors in carrying out their business activities, correct, clear and honest information has not been given regarding the conditions and guarantees of the goods and/or services used. There is no quality assurance. goods and/or services used.

The Narcotics Correctional Institution has the main objective of dealing with the problem of narcotics, including breaking the network of illegal drugs circulation within the Correctional Institution. The institution also provides health and dependency care for inmates of the correctionl facility. Narcotics Penitentiary Class IIA Bandar Lampung has specific conditions, namely narcotics abuse convicts as residents, it is appropriate to implement a therapy and rehabilitation program. One of the techniques of therapy and rehabilitation methods is the Therapeutic Community Method. Research problems are the implementation of the Therapeutic Community Method in Narcotics Penitentiary Class IIA Bandar Lampung and the obstacles in applying the Therapeutic Community Method to inmates of drugs offenders in Narcotics Penitentiary Class IIA Bandar Lampung. Normative and empirical juridical approaches are used in this research, normative juridical approaches are carried out by studying norms or rules, while the empirical approach is carried out by interviewing informants. Based on indicators of the success of the social rehabilitation program using the Therapeutic Community method, all social rehabilitation participants using the Therapeutic Community method are in a substance-free condition (abstinence) and none of them repeat narcotic crimes (recidivist). The inhibiting factor for the social rehabilitation activities of the Therapeutic Community method in Narcotics Penitentiary Class IIA Bandar Lampung are the lack of supporting facilities and infrastructure, it often causes the implementation of the program to not running smoothly.

Indonesia as a constitutional state and has a state foundation, namely Pancasila, which is the basis for various countries in determining policies for the state. Protection of children as the nation's next generation should be improved considering that in the current era there are more and more cases of violence, sexual harassment, and other crimes that make children the object of violence itself. One form of prevention is by issuing policies in the form of laws and regulations that provide strict sanctions against the perpetrators. This study uses a Normative and Empirical Juridical approach. The normative approach is carried out on matters that are theoretical in legal principles, while the empirical approach is an attempt to obtain clarity and understanding of research problems based on existing realities or case studies. The results of the research obtained related to the implementation of the restitution rights of children victims of sexual crimes must go through 3 stages, namely the first, the formulation stages have been carried out properly with the passing of PP No.43 of 2017. The second stage of application has not been carried out optimally because many law enforcement officers do not understand Regarding the implementation of restitution and the limitation on the economic capacity of the perpetrator to pay restitution, it is also an obstacle in its execution. The three stages of execution are maximal because the execution by the prosecutor has been carried out after the decision has permanent legal force (incracht). The implication can be seen from the victim's point of view that their rights are fulfilled from the existence of this policy. The suggestions that can be conveyed in this research are that the restitution execution process should be regulated as well as the execution of replacement money in a Corruption Crime Case. So if the perpetrator who is determined to pay restitution does not want to voluntarily pay the restitution, the prosecutor's office can find assets owned by the perpetrator to be confiscated instead.

Historically, alternative efforts to resolve criminal cases have existed since the Dutch colonial era, even before Indonesia's independence. Currently, there are several forms of resolving criminal cases outside of court in force, namely diversion (transferring the resolution of children's cases from the criminal justice process to a process outside criminal justice in accordance with the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law), Afkoop (as regulated in Article 82 of the Criminal Code), and Seponeren (dismissal of cases in the public interest by the Attorney General). The aim of this research is to analyze the concept of restorative justice in the criminal law system as a breakthrough in legal benefits. Approach The research method that can be used in this research is the empirical juridical approach. This approach combines a normative juridical approach with an empirical approach. Based on the analysis carried out, restorative justice can be applied in cases that cause financial loss or minor crimes. The principle of restorative justice in resolving criminal cases in Indonesia does not only depend on formal and material criminal law provisions but is also based on a broader concept of punishment. The model for implementing restorative justice in Indonesian criminal procedural law can be found through a criminal resolution mechanism that follows a legitimate legal problem resolution approach, which is reflected in the reform of the criminal justice system in Indonesia, which is based on an evaluation of the criminal justice system.

This study aims to analyze the forms of agreement prohibited in Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition carried out by floating net cage business actors in Haranggaol Horison, Simalungun Regency. This study uses a juridical empirical and normative juridical approach, through field research and literature research to obtain primary data and secondary data. Literature study is carried out on statutory regulations and other literature and field research is carried out by interviewing business actors of floating net cages in Haranggaol Horison, Simalungun Regency. The data obtained were then analyzed using a quantitative approach and described by analytical descriptive. The results of the study concluded that the forms of agreements that are prohibited under Law 5 of 1999 carried out by business actors in Haranggaol Horison include oligopoly, price fixing agreements, oligopsony, and vertical integration. To prevent the form of a prohibited agreement, it is necessary to establish a cooperative for floating net cage fish business actors to supervise business competition, direct and mitigate the impact of unfair business competition.

Abstract/Digest Legal protection is very important for consumers. The government has provided legal protection for consumers as regulated in Article 4 of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Cosmetic consumers in Idi City use a lot of cosmetic products that are not registered with BPOM, as a result, skin damage occurs after the use is made by consumers. The people of Idi City as consumers of cosmetics are easily tempted by the effects of creams that can whiten the skin in a short period of time and the community does not have awareness of the legal protection rights they have. This study aims to identify and explain the legal protection for consumers who use cosmetics that are not registered with BPOM, to find out and explain the obstacles to BBPOM Banda Aceh in legal protection of consumers using cosmetics that are not registered at BPOM and BBPOM Banda Aceh efforts in resolving barriers to consumers. cosmetic users who are not registered with BPOM. This study uses a qualitative method with an empirical juridical approach. The data were obtained through library research and supported by field research. Data analysis was done descriptively (descriptive analysis). Based on the results of the study, it is known that the implementation of legal protection for consumers has not been implemented optimally. Barriers to consumer protection are the lack of knowledge of consumers and business actors about regulations related to cosmetics. The efforts made are prevention strategies (socialization with the community), surveillance strategies and enforcement strategies. It is suggested to the public to be wiser in choosing cosmetic products. Legal awareness for business actors in producing illegal cosmetics and carrying out their obligations as business actors in accordance with the laws and regulations and BPOM further enhances the cosmetic reducer in the market. Keywords: Legal Protection, Consumers, Cosmetics.

The implementation of Land Registration Services by the Subdistrict Head as Temporary PPAT is referred to PP No 24 year 1997 on land registration, and PP No. 24 year 2016 concerning Land Deed Officials. The purpose of this study was to analyze the making of land deed by the Subdistrict Head in his position and function as Temporary PPAT in Bulakamba District, Brebes Regency, as well as to find out the legal consequences if an error occurred in its implementation. This research is a juridical-empirical approach. Data analysis techniques used qualitative data analysis. The juridical approach was based on a normative approach that analyzed various laws and regulations in the land sector, while the empirical approach is used to analyze normative laws. The results showed that, the temporary PPAT are more likely to only make a sale and purchase deed, because the Subdistrict Head itself is less active, due to busyness with government affairs in his area. The Subdistrict Head, as Temporary PPAT, has not yet installed the nameplate (Article 20 paragraph 2) PP No. 24 year 2016. The delay in submitting the deed and the documents in the land registration process conducted by the temporary PPAT Sub-District Head does not result in the cancellation of the deed that has been made. Suggestions to the Land Office in Brebes Regency is, they should work together with the PPAT Association (IPAT) and must routinely conduct guidance and supervision of the Land Deed Officials (PPAT), especially temporary PPAT in order to minimize mistakes. Keywords: Subdistrict Head, Temporary PPAT, Land Deed