Abstract
The problem of improving environmental safety in the handling of oily waste and sludge is relevant for most industries. Significant amounts of waste oil adversely affect virtually all components of the environment. However, it is also a valuable hydrocarbon feedstock. Thus, a rational approach to the processing of sludge can have a significant environmental and economic effect. The shortcomings of traditional thermal technologies for the disposal of technological sludge and suggests using much cheaper mechanical methods were discussed in this article. For example, install decanters of various designs in a depot depending on the overall composition of the sludge and the composition of each of its main parts: the carbon-containing part, water and mechanical impurities. A modern scheme for the disposal of technological sludge from railway infrastructure enterprises has been proposed. Such a scheme allows to reduce the man-made load associated with their accumulation, circulation and minimization. The most promising example of the use of the proposed technology of utilization of oil sludge is its implementation at the local sewage treatment plants of locomotive and wagon depots.
Highlights
MethodsThe chemical composition of the sludge is very complicated. In addition, not all of their fractions can be burned or recycled
Process sludge of the treatment facilities is visually thick, viscous pasty mass with separate inclusions of mechanical impurities, clusters of heavy oils and grease oils
The oil sludges are diverse in composition; they contain oil, water, oil emulsions, asphaltenes, tars, heavy metal ions, various mechanical impurities and radioactive elements
Summary
The chemical composition of the sludge is very complicated. In addition, not all of their fractions can be burned or recycled. Disposal of process sludge is somewhat complicated due to the significant difference in the composition and properties of the three fractions of process sludge, namely oil, water and solid. The sludge can be formed during the large periodic maintenance of rolling stock TP-2, which is carried out in special shops of the repair and maintenance depots. This type of repair presupposes body lifting, bogie rolling out, disassembling of individual units, removing of covers and caps, painting of diesel locomotives, painting of electric locomotives, as well as workpiece washing.
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