Abstract
A novel dispersive liquid-liquid semi-microextraction (DLLsME) procedure for copper(II) preconcentration is proposed. The system containing copper(II) and 6,7-dihydroxy-2,4-diphenylbenzopyrylium chloride (DHDPhB), after addition a mixture of chloroform and methanol becomes cloudy and the formation of the organic phase was observed immediately. The optimal conditions of DLLsME were found to be: pH 5, absorption band maximum was 570 nm, 1 cm3 of 1×10-3 mol/dm3ofDHDPhB, and mixed extractant containing 1 cm3 of chloroform and 1 cm3 of methanol. Under optimal conditions, the calibration plot was linear in the range of copper(II) concentration 4.32-65 µg/dm3 and the limit of detection was 1.29 µg/dm3. The rocks and tap water samples were successfully analyzed according to the suggested procedure with RSD no more than 4.9%.
Highlights
Copper is an essential element that plays a significant role in various biological processes that are necessary to sustain life
It is important to note that interest in the development and modernization of various cloud point extraction and liquid extraction techniques does not disappear even today.[17,18,19,20,21]
Several factors were studied such as pH, type and volume of extracting solvent, type and volume of dispersive solvent, the concentration of DHDPhB, interfering ions that affect the efficiency of copper(II) determination after its dispersive liquid-liquid semi-microextraction (DLLsME) preconcentration
Summary
Copper is an essential element that plays a significant role in various biological processes that are necessary to sustain life. Liquid-liquid extraction has well-known advantages, namely, such as the possibility of increasing the concentration of the analyte, simplicity, high speed, low cost, and efficiency. The cloudy state is caused by the formation of small droplets of water-immiscible extracting solvent that is dispersed in the sample solution. This is not often effective enough and is being modified. Dispersive liquid-liquid semi-microextraction coupled with UV/Vis spectrophotometry (DLLsME-UV/Vis) was used for the preconcentration and quantification of Cu(II). The proposed DLLsME-UV/Vis procedure for copper(II) determination does not need extra time-consuming steps like, for example, heating and cooling of solution,[3] so the method is quite rapid. The 6,7-dihydroxy-2,4-diphenylbenzopyrylium chloride (DHDPhB) was chosen as the chelating ligand whose synthesis, physio-chemical, spectroscopic, and complexing properties were described in detail in our previous works.[25,26]
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