Abstract
Abstract Increasing industrialization in combination with the disposal and inadequate handling of high toxic residues may damage the environment. Among these residues, different oils, pesticides, heavy metals and polymers are of great concern. The present study aimed to determine the presence of degradation and resistance genes to different xenobiotics in cultivable aerobic bacteria, non-cultivable and in bacterial isolates obtained from different rivers and streams in Brazil. Environmental indices showed that the rivers and streams were contaminated by compounds that affect the quality and the trophic state of the water sources. High prevalence of merA, alkB and atzA genes was detected in cultivable DNA and total DNA, while the isolates presented different genes, such as atzA, alkB, merA, puhA and puhB. The results showed a wide dispersion of the catabolic genes in the water samples, indicating the contamination from these natural water sources with different contaminants. Therefore, the selection of bacteria carrying these genes can be performed for use in bioremediation techniques to address many of the environmental problems.
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