DIRECTIONS AND SUMMARIZED THE APPLE SELECTION

Abstract

Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) is the main supplier of new apple cultivars that meet high requirements of the up-to-date fruit-growing in the central part of Russia. By the present, 54 apple cultivars with different dates of fruit maturation have been developed at the Institute and included in the State Register of breeding achievements admitted for use. For the first time in Russia and in the world, a series of triploid apple cultivars have been released and included in the State Register. These cultivars are characterized by more regular fruiting by years, high marketable and consumer qualities of fruit and higher autogamy. More than 20 apple cultivars having scab immunity (Vf) have been developed. The first Russian scab immune cultivar Imrus is widely introduced into production. Triploid cultivars released at the Instiute and having immunity to scab deserve special attention. Five columnar apple cultivars Priokskoye, Poezia, Vostorg, Girlianda and Orlovskaya Yesenia have been developed for intensive and super intensive orchards and included in the State Register (zoned). A large interdisciplinary team of the Institute is working to create cultivars that meet high production requirements. The team of scientists includes breeders, biochemists, cytoembryologists, technologists for processing of fruits, physiologists, phytopathologists, agrochemists and staff of other specialties. The Institute is working on the problem of intensification and acceleration of the process, which makes it possible to reduce the period from hybridization to the transfer of the cultivar to the state test and its inclusion in the State Register (zoning). To do this, it is proposed that the originator institutions already lay small production test plots when the cultivar is transferred to the state test. The priority task of the Institute in the coming years is to create triploid columnar cultivars that are immune to scab.