Abstract
We report microscopic maps of magnetic induction in YBa 2Cu 3O 7− x crystals which directly show a correlation of flux penetration with twin boundary orientation and twin density. These maps were obtained by means of a recently-improved magneto-optical imaging technique. Pinning was lowest in untwinned regions and increased with increasing twin density. Even at low temperatures (6 K), twin boundaries led to a large anisotropy in flux pinning. This anisotropy, defined as the ratio of the magnetic induction gradient across twin boundaries to that along twin boundaries, was 10 at 17 K; this ratio increased with increasing temperature. In polycrystals, twin boundaries also had a strongly anisotropic effect on flux flow into a grain from a grain boundary.
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