Dimenzionisanje cevovodno-injektorskog sistema za raspodelu tečnog stajnjaka

Abstract

Increasingly, there are pressures on agriculture to reduce emissions of ammonia to the atmosphere, because of concerns about environmental impact.The land spreading of animal manures accounts for approximately one-third of the total NH 3 emissions from agriculture, so there has been much interest in the development of abatement measures in this area. Piping systems for parallel distribution and injection of liquid manure to arable land is an effective way of using its nutrients and odors during distribution. However, in despite the high purchase price, in our conditions, these systems are expensive to install and operationally complex. A decision of the possible application of this system requires knowledge of complex economic, land, microclimatic, technical and technological informations. Accordingly, this paper provides a simplified graphical method for proper selection of variants of pipeline systems for transport and injection of liquid manure as base assumptions when making a decision: 'Yes or No!'. Of particular interest is the reduction of ammonia emissions, as an important carrier of readily available nitrogen for plants and on the other hand as very dangerous environmental pollutants. Compared to conventional systems of the surface distribution of liquid manure, new techniques developed its injection result in the reduction of ammonia emissions in the approximate range of 70-95%. Taken together with the results of other research, it is apparent that a range of ambient, soil and crop conditions, as well as operational factors, will influence the effectiveness of the NH 3 emission abatement achieved using these techniques and would justify further research. An economic evaluation of using the new application techniques, together with a detailed assessment of factors influencing any agronomic benefits, are areas which would benefit from further study.