Abstract
In general, magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has shown potential in clinical settings. In testicles parenchyma, the DW imaging helps differentiate and characterize benign from malignant lesions. Placement and size of the region of interest (ROI) may affect the ADC value. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the intra- and interobserver variability in testicular tumors when measuring ADC using various types of regions of interest (ROI). Two observers performed the ADC measurements in testicular lesions based on three ROI methods: (1) whole volume, (2) round, and (3) small sample groups. Intra- and interobserver variability was analyzed for all ROI methods using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and bland-altman plots. The two observers performed the measurements twice, three months apart. A total of 26 malignant testicle tumors were included. Interobserver agreement was excellent in tumor length (ICC = 0.98) and tumor width (ICC = 0.98). In addition, intraobserver agreement was excellent in tumor length (ICC = 0.98) and tumor width (ICC = 0.99). The whole volume interobserver agreement in the first reading was excellent (ICC = 0.93). Round ADC had an excellent (ICC = 0.93) and fair (ICC = 0.58) interobserver agreement, in the first and second reading, respectively. Interobserver agreement in ADC small ROIs was good (ICC = 0.87), and good (ICC = 0.78), in the first and second reading, respectively. Intraobserver agreement varied from fair, good to excellent agreement. The ROI method showed varying inter- and intraobserver agreement in ADC measurement. Using multiple small ROI conceded the highest interobserver variability, and, thus, the whole volume or round seem to be the preferable methods.
Highlights
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) noninvasive technique measuring diffusion of molecular water
Descriptive statistics on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), tumor length and width assessed by the two observers using the three region of interest (ROI) methods are presented in Tables 2 and 3
The interobserver agreement in tumor length was excellent in the first reading intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) = 0.98 and second reading ICC = 0.98
Summary
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) noninvasive technique measuring diffusion of molecular water. DWI may be used for evaluation of tumors and has shown potential in clinical settings. DWI, including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), has been applied in discriminating malignant from benign nodules in a variety of organs [1,2,3,4,5]. Adding DWI sequences to existing MR protocols is not a complicated and time comsuming task and can be applied to existing protocols. Ultrasound is the first-choice modality when investigating testicles due to low cost, availability, and diagnostic accuracy. MRI imaging is becoming popular as new features, such as ADC measurements, that
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