Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of baking conditions (time, temperature and steam) on the local heating rate and its consequences on bread attributes. Dough was baked under different temperatures (160, 190 and 220 °C) and time (9, 12, 15 and 20 min), with the temperature rise monitored throughout the process. Macroscopic quality and macromolecular aspects of bread were analysed. A higher heating rate was observed for bread crumb baked with steam introduced at the beginning of baking and for bread crust baked without steam, at higher temperatures. Although different local heating rates were observed with the various baking conditions, the conditions which produced bread with similar quality aspects were identified. However, a similar trend was not observed for starch gelatinisation, which was unique to each baking condition. Consequently, baking aspects (time, temperature, steam) can be used to modify or to maintain bread characteristics, in which macromolecular changes are unique only due to different thermal development and mass transfer characteristics.
Published Version
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