Abstract
The present study sought to retrospectively investigate the dietary habits of two adolescent, European populations from the cross-sectional Greek TEENAGE Study and French STANISLAS Family Study. We aimed to explore the relation between the populations’ dietary patterns and blood pressure, glycemic and lipidemic profile. Dietary patterns were extracted via Principal Component Analysis (PCA), based on data collected from two 24 h dietary recalls for the TEENAGE study and a 3-day food consumption diary for the STANISLAS study. Multiple linear regressions and mixed models analyses, adjusting for confounding factors, were employed to investigate potential associations. A total of 766 Greek teenagers and 287 French teenagers, were included in analyses. Five dietary patterns were extracted for each population accounting for 49.35% and 46.69% of their respective total variance, with similarities regarding the consumption of specific food groups (i.e., western-type foods). In the TEENAGE Study, the “chicken and sugars” pattern was associated with lower CRP levels, after adjusting for confounding factors (p-value < 0.01). The “high protein and animal fat” dietary pattern of the STANISLAS Family Study was related to higher BMI (p-value < 0.01) and higher triglycerides levels (p-value < 0.01). Our findings summarize the dietary habits of two teenage, European populations and their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors.
Highlights
Adolescence constitutes a period of increased nutritional needs, required to support the physical growth that accompanies puberty [1,2]
The aim of the present study is to investigate the dietary habits of the two populations from the Greek TEENAGE Study and the French STANISLAS Family study and their potential associations with blood pressure, biomarkers of glycemic and lipidemic control and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP)
Based on the available data, we examined associations between the patterns and the log-transformed values for Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), glucose, TC, High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TG and CRP levels
Summary
Adolescence constitutes a period of increased nutritional needs, required to support the physical growth that accompanies puberty [1,2]. Healthy eating is of vital importance during adolescence [3,4], in order to ensure the sufficient macronutrient and micronutrient intake needed for proper physical development [1], cognitive performance [5,6,7] and good mental health [8]. Adherence to “unhealthy” eating habits during this period increases the risk of obesity development [10,11], which has, in turn, been long associated with an increased risk of non-communicable disease manifestation, such as type 2 diabetes, both in adolescence and later on in adult life [9,10]. The presence of adolescent obesity has been associated with severe obesity in late adulthood [12,13] and a greater risk for type 2 diabetes development in early adulthood [13].
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