Association between Dietary Patterns and Cardiometabolic Risks among Older Adult Males in Sichuan Province, China: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to identify data-driven dietary patterns and find out the relationship of dietary patterns with different cardiometabolic risks including overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia or high blood pressure (HBP) among older adult males (aged ≥65 years old) residents (>10 years) of Sichuan, Southwestern China. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the relationships of dietary patterns with cardiometabolic risks in older adult males (n=1136) aged ≥65 years old referred to the Public Hospital in Sichuan Province, China. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) was used to investigate the correlations between the animal-based and processed food dietary (pattern 1), balanced dietary (pattern 2), and Ovo-Lacto Vegetarian dietary (pattern 3) and different cardiometabolic risks. The correlations between dietary patterns and the laboratory tests were calculated. Results: The animal-based and processed food, balanced, and Ovo-Lacto Vegetarian dietary patterns accounted for 14.83%, 14.36% and 11.86% of the variance, respectively. The Chi-Square test showed the dietary patterns were associated with triglycerides (TG) (P < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC), Systolic blood pressure (SBP), and body mass index (BMI). Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed the animal-based and processed food dietary pattern was positively associated with overweight/obesity (OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.94, 5.46) and dyslipidemia (OR: 3.53, 95% CI: 2.00, 6.22). The balanced dietary pattern was negatively associated with overweight/obesity (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.72), dyslipidemia (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.75) and HBP (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.77). The Ovo-Lacto Vegetarian dietary pattern was negatively associated with dyslipidemia (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.81) and hyperuricemia (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.79). No statistically significant relationship was found between the three dietary patterns and impaired fasting glucose (P: 0.05). Conclusions: Elderly males in Sichuan Province with overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia and high blood pressure seem to have adopted different dietary patterns.