Abstract
AbstractThe experimental static dielectric constants ([epsilon]) of water formulated by Fernández, et al., (1997-International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, IAPWS), –35 to 600^o^C; 0.1 to 1200 MPa, are discovered to be closely described throughout by a simple equation of density ([rho]), presented here, and agreeing with their reported calculated (extrapolated) values to 923^o^C. Eight limiting boundary conditions are observed. Values of [epsilon] follow isothermal straight-line slopes of log ([epsilon] – 1) vs log [rho] down to densities of 0.25 g cm^-3^ water, even in dioxane-water solutions. At lower densities, all slopes curve asymptotically in approaching unity, while becoming unity throughout at –35^o^C (near metastable freezing point). Slopes above 0.25 g cm^-3^ asymptotically approach 1 2/3 at high temperatures that numerically proportionates ([epsilon] – 1) to volume times surface densities, with a proposed explanation given. Values for [epsilon] of water dissolved in dioxane down to 0.006 g cm^-3^ water (25-300^o^C) and in benzene to 0.014 g cm^-3^ water (300-400^o^C) extend uninterrupted from those for pure water. The Deul-Franck (1984, 1991) values of [epsilon] for benzene (25-400^o^C; to 400 MPa) by the relationship fall on a single straight-line independent of temperature. Theorists should evaluate this simple relationship of water and other liquids to density that appears to be universal.
Highlights
The static dielectric constant (ε), or static relative permittivity, of liquids is a property applied since the early 1900's to theoretical evaluations of electrolyte solutions
By applying here the Fernández, et al.[5], results, presented as a Release by the International Association for the Properties of Steam IAPWS)[8], a search for physical simplicity in dielectric-constant behavior was made over the wide ranges of temperature and density
21 solutions, simplicities become apparent that should be of interest to theoretical studies for their significance and application to the chemical-physical nature of water
Summary
The static dielectric constant (ε), or static relative permittivity, of liquids is a property applied since the early 1900's to theoretical evaluations of electrolyte solutions. In determining ionization of NaCl in dioxane-water solutions at 100oC and pressures to 400 MPa, Yeatts, Dunn, and Marshall[7] plotted log (ε – 1) vs log ρw to give isothermal straight lines to low water concentrations They used this relationship in extrapolating to high temperatures. Many theoretical equations describe the dielectric constant for water with limited success over short ranges of density and temperature.[5] The simple relationship presented here, universally describes its behavior over all experimental ranges of temperature and density with a minimum of required constants With this success, it would seem that any theory must be based on its framework in applying Occam's razor
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