Dielectric Constant of Water Discovered to be Simple Function of Density over Extreme Ranges from – 35 to + 600oC and to 1200 MPa (12000 Atm.), Believed Universal

Abstract

The experimental static dielectric constants ([epsilon]) of water formulated by Fernández, et al., (1997-International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, IAPWS), –35 to 600^o^C; 0.1 to 1200 MPa, are discovered to be closely described throughout by a simple equation of density ([rho]), presented here, and agreeing with their reported calculated (extrapolated) values to 923^o^C. Eight limiting boundary conditions are observed. Values of [epsilon] follow isothermal straight-line slopes of log ([epsilon] – 1) vs log [rho] down to densities of 0.25 g cm^-3^ water, even in dioxane-water solutions. At lower densities, all slopes curve asymptotically in approaching unity, while becoming unity throughout at –35^o^C (near metastable freezing point). Slopes above 0.25 g cm^-3^ asymptotically approach 1 2/3 at high temperatures that numerically proportionates ([epsilon] – 1) to volume times surface densities, with a proposed explanation given. Values for [epsilon] of water dissolved in dioxane down to 0.006 g cm^-3^ water (25-300^o^C) and in benzene to 0.014 g cm^-3^ water (300-400^o^C) extend uninterrupted from those for pure water. The Deul-Franck (1984, 1991) values of [epsilon] for benzene (25-400^o^C; to 400 MPa) by the relationship fall on a single straight-line independent of temperature. Theorists should evaluate this simple relationship of water and other liquids to density that appears to be universal.