Development of the Theory of Upbringing and Instruction in the Period of Completing the Socialist Reconstruction of the National Economy and the Building of Socialism in the USSR

Abstract

The years from 1933 through 1937 are marked by the completion of the socialist reconstruction of all sectors of the national economy in the Soviet Union and the basic building of a socialist society. The question of "who and whom" in the country was resolved in favor of socialism. The triumph of socialism in the Soviet Union was of world historic importance: it showed the way to socialism for all the peoples of the world. The building of socialism in the Soviet Union constituted realization of the behests of the great Lenin, the result of the organizing and directing efforts of the Communist Party and the heroic labor of the workers, peasants, and intelligentsia. The Soviet Union was transformed into a mighty industrial-collective farming socialist power providing for its economy and defense needs with all the necessary equipment and armaments. The collectivization of agriculture was completed, the exploiting classes were liquidated, and two friendly classes remained—the working class and the peasantry, in close association with the labor intelligentsia. Friendship and fraternal cooperation among the socialist nations were strengthened. The people's sociopolitical and ideological unity grew stronger. The Second (1936) USSR Constitution was adopted, the most democratic constitution in the world. The completion of the socialist reconstruction of the Soviet Union's national economy took place under uneasy international circumstances. The installation of the fascist dictatorship in Germany and the rise of Japanese militarism in the Far East sharply increased the threat of an attack upon the Soviet Union. The party and the people not only engaged in peaceful construction but also prepared vigorously for defense. Under these conditions, crucial importance attached to the training and ideological-political upbringing of well-educated and qualified cadres for the national economy. A leading role was assigned to the general education school, whose work was found to reveal serious shortcomings, along with great accomplishments.