Abstract
Solar desalination is a process of removing salt content in brackish or saline water and converting it into fresh water by the aid of solar energy. The portable solar basin was utilized to undergo this process and the collected desalinated water was to be compared with the Drinking Water Quality Standard in order to identify the safety and cleanliness of the water produced. The main purpose of this study is to improve the solar basin designs which yield the optimum volume of purified water that achieve the quality of drinking water and low cost. The solar basin was designed with the angle tilt of 15° which it able to achieve maximum sun ray exposure. The solar basin that was used is the conventional type single slope with different component inside the solar basin (without stages and rocks; with stages and without rocks; and with both stages and rocks. The source of water be used in this process is seawater (Pengkalan Balak Beach), ground water (Cherana Puteh Hot Spring) and river (small stream of Sungai Siput). The basin solar design with steps and rocks able to produce maximum desalinated water up to 1120 ml per day with average temperature of 59.7 °C, almost 100% reduction of COD, TDS, conductivity, element traces of Ca, Mg, Na and K with BOD level of 1.55 mg/l which mostly comply with the drinking water standard.
Highlights
Desalination is the solution used to supply potable water throughout the societies by treating the brackish water and removes impurities especially salts, traces metal and micro-organism
In this study presents the new approaches on developing the solar desalination system by utilizing three different designs of solar still with three different water resources testing
Most of the parameters that was observed throughout this process was part of characteristics which required in complying to the Standard Drinking Water as according to the third objective which to identify the characteristics of water to meet the standard of drinking water
Summary
Desalination is the solution used to supply potable water throughout the societies by treating the brackish water and removes impurities especially salts, traces metal and micro-organism. The techniques include multi-effect distillation (MED), multi-stage flash (MSF), vapor compression distillation (VCD), nano filtration (NF), the latter class comprises reverse osmosis (RO) and electro dialysis (ED). All these techniques need a huge input of energy and not effective in terms of cost, especially for a low demand for clean water. The removing of salts from water can be done by undergoes evaporation-condensation process which it utilized the solar energy for distillation and environmentally friendly. The use of non-conventional energy for the generation of clean water leads to the research where the device accessible which expends sun-oriented energy that known as solar still [3]
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