Development of Parenting FoMO Scale on Parents Using Social Media

This research aims to find out and analyze freedom of opinion in social media in Indonesia. This research is a normative research supported by empirical juridical research methods. In this study, the research approach used by the researcher is the Statute Approach, the Comparative Approach, and the Case Approach. The data of this research is sourced from primary data in the form of observations and secondary data in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials collected using literature studies and observations and this research is analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of the study show that (1) Freedom of opinion in social media in Indonesia is an independence in expressing feelings, thoughts, ideas, and expressions in virtual form that is accommodated by digital platforms such as social media but limited by the responsibility to maintain ethics, not harm others, and follow the applicable laws and regulations in Indonesia. (2) The implementation of freedom of opinion in social media in Indonesia still faces problems due to a lack of understanding of the limits of freedom of opinion, especially in social media, such as the spread of misinformation and defamation that can trigger chaos.

The research aims to analyze the protection of kidfluencers' privacy rights on social media in Indonesia from the perspective of the Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989 and to analyze the urgency of legal protection for kidfluencers' privacy rights on social media in Indonesia. The approach method used is normative juridical, emphasizing the study of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, as well as a legal comparison between Indonesian law and French law. This study will analyze data obtained from library research using a qualitative juridical analysis method. The results show that the existing laws in Indonesia do not provide adequate protection for kidfluencers' privacy rights on social media. This legal gap has resulted in various cases of privacy rights violations of kidfluencers on social media, indicating the urgency for legal regulations that can provide better protection for kidfluencers' privacy rights.

The development of digital technology has facilitated the distribution of pornographic content through social media, creating new challenges for criminal law enforcement. This phenomenon demands adaptive and proportional criminal policies based on contemporary criminal law principles and the provisions of Law Number 44 of 2008 concerning Pornography. The problem faced is how to regulate criminal policies for perpetrators of the distribution of digital pornographic content through social media in Indonesia and how to construct criminal policies for the distribution of digital pornographic content through social media in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is normative juridical legal research. The results of the study indicate that the regulation of criminal policies for perpetrators of the distribution of digital pornographic content through social media in Indonesia is regulated in Law Number 44 of 2008 concerning Pornography and supported by the Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE) Law, but its implementation still requires harmonization to be more effective and adaptive to developments in digital technology. Meanwhile, the construction of criminal policies for the distribution of digital pornographic content needs to be directed towards a more comprehensive approach, by balancing aspects of law enforcement, protection of public morals, and the right to freedom of expression within the framework of contemporary criminal law.

Indonesia has the largest number of people that are active in social media and Indonesia is a country with the most social media users in the world. Social media in general is used to socialize (relate, both, personally, in groups and so on) between users. The users of social media in Indonesia already has reached 160 million in January 2020. and this number of social media users in Indonesia increased up to 12 million (8.1%) from April 2019 to January 2020. Firstly, social media was used by users to connect with each other through community. However, now social media is not only used as a means of virtual community for interaction but is also used as a channel for doing business. There are still many people who do not realize that social media has the advantage of being a very efficient and effective business, and many company that still confused about to choose which social media platform that suitable with their business promotion. Therefore, we want to show and tell them one of the advantages of social media in the field of promotion. Based on the surveys, there are four most popular social media in Indonesia such as YouTube, WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram. However, there still very few studies can be found to understand that social media is effective or not for business promotion. For this reason, this article will examine the advantages that social media have that can support business promotion. This article will utilize the questioners method to assess the important factors of social media users such as user satisfaction factors in using social media and what social media are often used by user to promote their business. The research result is expected to provide valuable guidance for user to understand about function social media for business promotion.

The rise of social media in today’s digital era is considered important because it helps people communicate and share information online. It is not surprising that ease of sharing information and communicating through social media has an impact on increasing many online activities, including business activities. This phenomenon is an inspiration that researchers can use to uncover the role of social media in Indonesia for business activities by knowing the factors that can influence a social media follower or fans into actual buyers. By surveying users of social media, 546 responses were collected from social media entrepreneurs and social media buyers. The data analysis showed there is enough evidence that social media is being used for business. The frequency of social media usage has strong links to users to use to buy products or do business in that venue. Young people, such as college students, tend to use social media for business more than those with higher levels of education who may already have permanent jobs. Multiple regression analyses have resulted in a proposed model of social media use for business and offers five major factors that influence satisfaction and performance when doing business on social media.

The spread of fake news on social media raises many legal problems in Indonesia. These legal problems are mainly seen in the formulation of the law as well as in the law enforcement area. Legal problems related to the spread of fake news must be resolved at the level of legislation, policy, and law enforcement because it negatively impacts someone. In addition, studies on the spread of fake news in the Indonesian context are still overlooked. Therefore, reviewing the regulation on criminal liability for those who spread fake news on social media in Indonesia is very important. The doctrinal legal research methodology investigated three main issues discussed in this article. First, the current study shows that the act of spreading fake news on social media cannot be charged with Article 28 of the Indonesia Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning amendments to Law Number 8 of 2011 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. Second, from several Indonesian court decisions studied, judges in deciding cases of spreading fake news on social media applied Law Number I of 1946 concerning Criminal Law. Lastly, related to criminal law reform, spreading fake news on social media should also be regulated by the Information and Electronic Transactions Laws.

This study aims to reveal the phenomenon of cyberbullying in Indonesia targeted group of people and its legal impact based on pragmatics analysis. It mainly focused on issues that are related with ethnicity, religion, race, and intergroup on social media activities. The lingual data are the expressions by defendants on social media. They were collected from the copies of six court verdicts for such cases that have been settled between 2018 and 2020. The study employed a qualitative method with a forensic linguistic approach as a framework to reveal, trace, and show the phenomenon of cyberbullying on social media and the legal impact caused by the action. The results show that cyberbullying on social media in Indonesia not only targets individuals but it also targets certain group of people. Based on the pragmatics analysis, the illocutionary speech acts by defendants includes expressive, directive, assertive, and commissive. The utterances of cyberbullying aim to insult, humiliate, harass, slander, threaten/warn, accuse, and spread hatred on certain groups of community based on Ethnicity, Religious, Racial, and Primordial issues. The legal implication of cyberbullying is that the defendants can be charged based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia, Article 28 paragraph (2) in conjunction with Article 45A paragraph (2) Law Number 19 of 2016 on Information and Electronic Transactions.

This study investigates Generation Z's trust in mainstream and social media in Indonesia and Lebanon. Using a descriptive research design and survey method, data were collected from 114 respondents through Google Forms in April 2022, including students from Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel (UINSA) Surabaya and participants from @iCademy in Lebanon. The research explores the critical role of mainstream media in modern information dissemination and social media as a powerful communication tool. The results indicate that while social media is widely used, mainstream media maintains credibility due to its verified information. The findings emphasize the importance of reliable information sources for Generation Z, especially in predominantly Muslim contexts where ethical standards and factual accuracy are crucial. These findings suggest that media organizations must uphold high journalistic standards to retain the trust of young audiences.

Social media is a protocol for people’s interaction and disseminating new ideas. The spread of fake information can occur on social media because there is no control and verification from the legal account. During the COVID-19 corona virus outbreak, the government issued a self-isolation policy. However, people use social media to find information about COVID-19 and spread news about COVID-19 greedily, especially in Indonesia. Therefore, this study explores the factors influencing the spread of fake news related to COVID-19. The sampling used in this study was non-random/non-probability sampling with the Convenience Sampling technique, including two hundred and twenty-two respondences from several regions in Indonesia. These phenomenons are studied using the Uses and Gratification framework by eliminating entertainment variables, adding altruism motivation, and adding moderating variables for demographic factors of individual psychological well-being, including age, education, income, and gender. Data were analyzed using Smart Partial Least Squares (PLS) to determine the effect of five variables. The analysis results show that all the variables, e.g., altruism, socialization, time elapsed, information sharing, and information seeking, as well as moderating variables and demographic factors of individual psychological well-being have no positive and significant effect on the spread of fake COVID-19—news on social media in Indonesia.

Infodemics in the COVID-19 pandemic situation biases information, and the community's need for the correctness of information becomes increasingly difficult to fulfill. Misinformation and disinformation circulate widely on social media, including instant chat applications. The research problem's formulation is how the contents of COVID-19 misinformation and disinformation that occurred on social media in Indonesia for the period January 20 - March 9, 2020. The research method used is quantitative with a content analysis approach. All misinformation and disinformation cases on social media are taken from cases that have been fact-checked by Mafindo (Indonesian Anti-Defamation Society) in a predetermined period. In total, there were 69 cases of misinformation and disinformation. As a result, there are three main conclusions in this study. First, false context and misleading content are the most common types of misinformation and disinformation. Second, the producers and distributors of these messages are individuals with Facebook and WhatsApp. Third, these findings indicate a tendency for the production and distribution of misinformation and disinformation messages to be carried out by individuals. The high accessibility of the community facilitates this to communication media.

This study investigates the changing conversation around climate change on social media in Indonesia, specifically analysing the time frame from January to May 2024. Given the ongoing and substantial risks that climate change presents to countries, communities, and people, it is crucial to comprehend how the public perceives and discusses this pressing matter. We collect data from social media platforms and the Scopus research database. Then employing a deliberate scraping method to gather 2,300 tweets that had hashtags and keyword linked to “PerubahanIklim” or “climate change”. After the first dataset was obtained, the preparation step progressed to the preprocessing phase. This comprehensive methodology enables a detailed comprehension of the progression of climate change discourse on social media in Indonesia. The research also emphasises the fluidity of climate change discourse, illustrating the transformation of public opinion and involvement with the subject during the five-month study period. This study adds to the expanding corpus of research on climate change communication in social media settings, specifically focusing on developing countries. Through a comprehensive examination of online conversations in Indonesia, we present significant observations for politicians, environmental organisations, and researchers aiming to comprehend and tackle climate change issues in the area.

This research aims to evaluate the trends in publications regarding terrorism and social media in Indonesia in 2010 to 2023. The data is categorized by publication year, research topics, and fields of study. Researchers also calculated the citations received by each publication By using citation analysis, the study seeks to uncover patterns of scholarly attention, identify the most cited works, and determine the degree to which Indonesian research is integrated into the global discourse on terrorism and digital media. This research is necessary because of limited bibliometric assessment of how this field has grown and how influential it has been. The research findings indicate that publication trends peaked in 2021 in several topics such as radicalization/propaganda, counter radicalism/deradicalization, and religious moderation. The fields of Islamic studies and Communication studies were the most prolific in publishing studies on this subject. Of the 165 articles analyzed, only 15 articles received more than 10 citations in the broader terrorism research. On average, social media and terrorism research were cited only six times per publication in the broader terrorism literature. These suggest a lack of integration with the broader terrorism literature.

The spread of online gambling promotions through social media in Indonesia has become a serious challenge in law enforcement, especially due to the digital nature that allows anonymity and wide distribution in a short time. This study analyzes the legal efforts that have been implemented to tackle online gambling promotion, both from a regulatory and law enforcement perspective. Using normative research methods, this study examines the provisions in the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (ITE Law), the Criminal Code, as well as other relevant regulations, including the role of the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology in blocking illegal content. The results show that although there are regulations governing the prohibition of online gambling promotion, there are still challenges in implementation, especially in prosecuting perpetrators who operate across national borders. Therefore, synergy between the government, social media platforms, and international cooperation is needed to increase the effectiveness of eradicating online gambling promotions.

Introduction. This article discusses the existence of social media YouTube, Instagram and Watsapp in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic among virtual communities in Indonesia. The development of social media is increasing every year, especially in the conditions of the corona virus outbreak. The development of social media in Indonesia has experienced a very significant increase, it can be seen that Indonesia is in the 3rd position of social media users in the world.
 Data Collection Method. The method used in this article is by using the literature method by reading literature related to discussion and it can be analyzed that the existence of social media such as YouTube in the midst of the Covid pandemic has experienced a surge in users of around 88% and is then followed by Whatsapp social media with the number of accesses of 84% and Instagram with 79%.
 Results and Discussions. Based on the data above, we can see the development and level of existence of several social media which is frequently accessed by the world's population during the Covid 19 pandemic. This development has certainly experienced a very clear penetration of internet users among the Indonesian virtual community.
 Conclusions. the development of social media in Indonesia and globally has increased very significantly. The existence of social media which was popular during the Covid-19 pandemic, which placed YouTube as the first media that was very popular with the highest number of users in the world.

Social media is an exciting platform to be researched at this time because users are increasing. This condition is a challenge for the media to be able to take advantage of this phenomenon into a great opportunity. The concept of social media journalism is growing as many media use social media with diverse objectives. A lot of studies have tried to see from a variety of spectacles. This research fills the research void related to the consumption of news through social media in Indonesia based on uses and gratification theory and social media concept. The survey conducted by distributing questionnaires online for two months to get 736 respondents from various regions in Indonesia. The result is that social media is not the main place for Indonesian people to look for news. Most of the respondent is still looking for news through two mediums, namely offline and other online. People who access news through social media are satisfied, but they do not have confidence in the news on social media. Besides understanding news consumption patterns on social media, this research suggests a model that the media needs to understand to utilize social media more effectively.